ornithine phenylacetate

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	44247677
CHEMBL ID	4297204
SCHEMBL ID	1702338
MeSH ID	M0573776

Synonyms (23)

Synonym
952154-79-9
D09942
ornithine phenylacetate (usan)
op
ornithine phenylacetate
l-op
9d6yz105sn ,
ocr-002
unii-9d6yz105sn
ornithine phenylacetate [usan]
l-ornithine phenylacetate
op [ammonia detoxifying agent]
l-ornithine phenyl acetate
LRSYFEZBIMVWRY-VWMHFEHESA-N
SCHEMBL1702338
ornithine phenylacetate [who-dd]
l-ornithine, benzeneacetate (1:1)
(2s)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid phenylacetate (1:1)
DTXSID90241788
Q27272385
AT24078
mnk-6105
CHEMBL4297204

Research Excerpts

Overview

Ornithine phenylacetate (OP) is a new drug that has been proposed for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) because it decreases plasma ammonia.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ornithine phenylacetate (OP) is a novel drug that is targeted at reducing ammonia concentration in patients with liver disease and therefore a potential treatment for HE."	( Ornithine phenylacetate revisited. Jalan, R; Jover-Cobos, M; Noiret, L; Sharifi, Y, 2013)	2.55
"Ornithine phenylacetate (OP) is a new drug that has been proposed for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) because it decreases plasma ammonia. "	( Ornithine phenylacetate prevents disturbances of motor-evoked potentials induced by intestinal blood in rats with portacaval anastomosis. Arranz, JA; Córdoba, J; Oria, M; Raguer, N; Riudor, E; Romero-Giménez, J, 2012)	3.26

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" OP is safe in healthy subjects and in stable patients with cirrhosis, but there are no data in decompensated cirrhosis."	( Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: an open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study. Arranz, JA; Blanco, A; Córdoba, J; Fuentes, I; Riudor, E; Simón-Talero, M; Soriano, G; Suñé, P; Torrens, M; Ventura-Cots, M, )	0.53
"No severe adverse events were observed."	( Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: an open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study. Arranz, JA; Blanco, A; Córdoba, J; Fuentes, I; Riudor, E; Simón-Talero, M; Soriano, G; Suñé, P; Torrens, M; Ventura-Cots, M, )	0.53
"OP is a safe and well-tolerated drug in decompensated cirrhotics that may decrease plasma ammonia by inducing its appearance as phenylacetylglutamine in urine."	( Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: an open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study. Arranz, JA; Blanco, A; Córdoba, J; Fuentes, I; Riudor, E; Simón-Talero, M; Soriano, G; Suñé, P; Torrens, M; Ventura-Cots, M, )	0.53
" Of the reported serious adverse events (AEs), which included 11 deaths, none was attributable to study medication."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of l-ornithine phenylacetate in patients with acute liver injury/failure and hyperammonemia. Bukofzer, S; Clasen, K; Durkalski, V; Fontana, RJ; Ganger, D; Gottfried, M; Hameed, B; Hanje, AJ; Koch, D; Lee, WM; Little, L; Ravis, WR; Sherker, A; Stravitz, RT; Subramanian, RM, 2018)	0.74
" The percentages of patients with any specific adverse event did not differ significantly between groups."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ornithine Phenylacetate for Treating Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Randomized Trial. Bajaj, JS; Bhamidimarri, KR; Bukofzer, S; Potthoff, A; Pyrsopoulos, N; Rahimi, RS; Safadi, R; Thabut, D, 2021)	0.93
" However, OP appears to be safe and should undergo further testing for treatment of hyperammonemia in hospitalized patients receiving treatment for the underlying precipitant of acute or overt HE."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ornithine Phenylacetate for Treating Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Randomized Trial. Bajaj, JS; Bhamidimarri, KR; Bukofzer, S; Potthoff, A; Pyrsopoulos, N; Rahimi, RS; Safadi, R; Thabut, D, 2021)	0.93

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Plasma levels of ornithine and phenylacetic acid (PAA) and plasma/urinary levels of phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) (primary metabolite of PAA) were regularly assessed; plasma ammonia level was the primary pharmacodynamic variable."	( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of L-ornithine phenylacetate in overt hepatic encephalopathy and the effect of plasma ammonia concentration reduction on clinical outcomes. Bajaj, JS; Bukofzer, S; Devarakonda, KR; Jamil, K; Potthoff, A; Pyrsopoulos, N; Rahimi, RS; Ram Bhamidimarri, K; Safadi, R; Thabut, D; Wang, L, 2022)	0.99

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Ammonia levels could shown to be reduced for up to 24 h in animal models until 120 h in patients with repeated dosing of the drug."	( Ornithine phenylacetate revisited. Jalan, R; Jover-Cobos, M; Noiret, L; Sharifi, Y, 2013)	1.83

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (22)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	15 (68.18)	24.3611
2020's	7 (31.82)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.79

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	21.79 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.26 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.63 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	41.67 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	4.00 (0.95)

This Compound (21.79)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (8.70%)	5.53%
Reviews	10 (43.48%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	11 (47.83%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	3.35	1	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	9.63	16	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
glycine [no description available]	8.61	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	6.56	5	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	4.86	2	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	4.13	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	3.35	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	2.79	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	11.28	22	2	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.21	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
ornithylaspartate ornithylaspartate: used therapeutically in hepatic coma	5.29	4	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.52	2	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
phenylacetylglycine phenylacetylglycine : A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group.	7.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylacetylglutamine N(2)-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine : An a N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine having L-configuration.	2.52	2	0	N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine	human metabolite
glycerol phenylbutyrate glycerol phenylbutyrate: for treating urea cycle disorders	6.56	5	0	triglyceride
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	7.8	5	1
rifamycins [no description available]	4.13	2	0
glutaminase [no description available]	7.1	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	10.73	16	2
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	10.73	16	2
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	7.64	6	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	1	9.64	6	1
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.03	4	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	2.31	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	2.31	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	2.31	1	0
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	0	5.33	8	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	3.09	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	3.43	2	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	8.43	2	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	3.09	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	1	4.53	2	0
Debility [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	3.48	2	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	3.48	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	4.5	3	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	3	1	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	4.5	3	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	0	2.1	1	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	3.03	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	2.08	1	0

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