Page last updated: 2024-12-05

4-hexanolide

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

4-Hexanolide, also known as δ-hexalactone, is a cyclic lactone with a sweet, fruity odor. It is found naturally in various fruits and flowers, contributing to their aroma. Its synthesis involves various methods, including ring-closing metathesis and enzymatic reactions. 4-Hexanolide is studied due to its potential applications in the fragrance and flavor industries. It has been used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages and as a component in perfumes. Additionally, it is investigated for its biological activities, including antibacterial and antifungal properties. The lactone ring structure contributes to its characteristic odor and its potential biological effects.'

gamma-caprolactone : A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by an ethyl group at position 5. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID12756
CHEMBL ID192458
CHEBI ID85235
SCHEMBL ID36360
MeSH IDM0392904

Synonyms (100)

Synonym
695-06-7
.gamma.-hexanolactone
.gamma.-hexalactone
nsc-134769
.gamma.-ethyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone
.gamma.-caprolactone
6-caprolactone
2(3h)-furanone, 5-ethyldihydro-
nsc134769
.gamma.-ethylbutyrolactone
hexanoic acid, .gamma.-lactone
4-hydroxyhexanoic acid lactone
nsc24255
nsc-24255
gamma-hexanolactone
5-ethyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone
ai3-36655
nsc 24255
toukalide
gamma-ethyl-n-butyrolactone
gamma-ethylbutyrolactone
hexanolide-1,4
gamma-caprolactone
4-ethyl-4-butanolide
4-ethyl-4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
einecs 211-778-8
hexan-4-olide
gamma-hexalactone
5-ethyltetrahydro-2-furanone
nsc 134769
4-hexanolide
brn 0107260
tonkalide
hexanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone
fema no. 2556
gamma-hexalactone, >=98%, fcc, fg
gamma-caprolactone, 98%
5-ethyloxolan-2-one
5-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
bdbm50167994
CHEMBL192458 ,
chebi:85235 ,
H0514
NCGC00248198-01
LMFA07040010
dtxsid8041298 ,
dtxcid6021298
cas-695-06-7
NCGC00254779-01
tox21_300875
63357-95-9
5-17-09-00040 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-j16nat1g41
j16nat1g41 ,
FT-0626614
5-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3h)-one
AKOS015908187
S6265
|a-caprolactone
.gamma.-caprolactone-
(+/-)-4-ethylbutyrolactone
gamma-hexalactone [fcc]
gamma-caprolactone [inci]
.gamma.-lactone
.gamma.-hexalactone [fhfi]
(+/-)-.gamma.-hexalactone
(+/-)-.gamma.-ethyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone
SCHEMBL36360
.gamma.-ethyl-n-butyrolactone
5-ethyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone #
hexanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, lactone
4-ethylbutanolide
dihydro-5-ethyl-2(3h)-furanone
hexanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, .gamma.-lactone
mfcd00005401
gamma-ethyl-gamma-butyrolactone
gamma-hexalactone, analytical standard
hexa-4-olide
4-ethylbutanolide (gamma-hexalactone)
4-hydroxy-hexanoic acid lactone
4-hydroxy-hexanoate
4-hydroxyhexanoate
4-hydroxy-hexanoic acid gamma-lactone
gamma-caprolactone, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 98%
gamma-hexalactone, natural, 97%, fg
SY015382
FT-0701250
DS-6470
Q27158424
frutinal
AC2069
HY-W015892
CS-W016608
SB47678
-hexalactone
STARBLD0016506
EN300-156820
gamma -caprolactone
gamma-ethyl-gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-caprolactone
Z1255423463
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
human blood serum metaboliteAny metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
butan-4-olideAny gamma-lactone having the lactone moiety derived from 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency77.68330.000714.592883.7951AID1259369
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.89410.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.99560.000229.305416,493.5996AID743079
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.62980.023723.228263.5986AID743223
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)9,900.00000.00011.774010.0000AID241334
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (24)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
steroid catabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
porphyrin-containing compound metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
toxin biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic developmentCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
lung developmentCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
methylationCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular respirationCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
aflatoxin metabolic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cadmium ionCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
demethylase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 2-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activityCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (2)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (4)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID241334Inhibitory concentration against recombinant human cytochrome P450 1A22005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-02, Volume: 48, Issue:11
Predictive three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship of cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (6)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's3 (50.00)29.6817
2010's2 (33.33)24.3611
2020's1 (16.67)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.43

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.43 (24.57)
Research Supply Index1.95 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.37 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.43)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other6 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]