Compounds > apidaecin ib
Page last updated: 2024-11-12

apidaecin ib

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Description

apidaecin: isolated from lymph fluid of honeybee; amino acid sequence given in first source; not antibiotic, since it does not come from microorganism [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID16142963
CHEMBL ID411529
MeSH IDM0170179

Synonyms (6)

Synonym
CHEMBL411529
apidaecin
apidaecin ib
EX-A7434
123276-94-8
AKOS040732450
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (28)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID430937Membrane permeabilization in eukaryotic membrane model consisting of single unilamellar vesicle of L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol assessed as 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein release at high peptide-to-lipid ratio after 50 mins by fluorescence assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID430935Toxicity in human erythrocytes assessed as hemolytic activity at 300 uM after 60 mins2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID430925Chemical stability assessed as compound degradation at 2 mg/mL within 30 mins by HPLC and ESI-MS analysis in presence of trypsin2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID94138Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Klebsiella pneumoniae 222002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID9221Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Acinetobacter baumannii 118A2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID430936Membrane permeabilization in eukaryotic membrane model consisting of single unilamellar vesicle of L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol assessed as 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein release at high peptide-to-lipid ratio after 20 mins by fluorescence assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID198005Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 h of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Staphylococcus enteritidis PD12002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID64223Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Escherichia coli D222002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID197876Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Staphylococcus aureus G2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID64242Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Escherichia coli ML-352002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID482395Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells at 600 ug/ml after 24 hrs by MTT assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Oncocin (VDKPPYLPRPRPPRRIYNR-NH2): a novel antibacterial peptide optimized against gram-negative human pathogens.
AID430931Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis D5 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution susceptibility test2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID430930Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 22 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution susceptibility test2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID430927Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ML35 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution susceptibility test2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID430934Toxicity in human erythrocytes assessed as hemolytic activity at 30 uM after 60 mins2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID198329Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 140282002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID64219Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Escherichia coli D212002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID430933Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution susceptibility test2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID430932Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis PD1 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution susceptibility test2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID430928Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O18K1H7 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution susceptibility test2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID482394Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells at 600 ug/ml after 24 hrs by MTT assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Oncocin (VDKPPYLPRPRPPRRIYNR-NH2): a novel antibacterial peptide optimized against gram-negative human pathogens.
AID198008Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Staphylococcus epidermidis 42002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID150919Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 278532002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID94139Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Klebsiella pneumoniae 792002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID64216Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Escherichia coli ATCC 259222002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID198004Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Staphylococcus enteritidis D52002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
AID430929Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution susceptibility test2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 52, Issue:16
Substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin Ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation.
AID64243Minimum inhibitory concentration (lowest peptide concentration) required to prevent visible bacterial growth after 18 hr of incubation at 37 C in Mueller-Hinton broth against Escherichia coli O18:K1:H72002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 45, Issue:20
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis and antibacterial activity of linear and cyclic drosocin and apidaecin 1b analogues.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (71)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (2.82)18.7374
1990's12 (16.90)18.2507
2000's13 (18.31)29.6817
2010's38 (53.52)24.3611
2020's6 (8.45)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.12

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.12 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.29 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.41 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.12)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews4 (5.56%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other68 (94.44%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.1310ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.4920
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		7.0510amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.0810non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		7.4720arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
homoarginine
L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.		2.0810homoarginine;
L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		210cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside: enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside : An indolyl carbohydrate that is the beta-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, beta-galactosidase, which cleaved the glycosidic bond to give 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product.		210beta-D-galactoside;
D-aldohexose derivative;
indolyl carbohydrate;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound		chromogenic compound
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		2.4920monocarboxylic acid
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		3.6590amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		2.0810chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
bactenecin
bactenecin: from bovine neutrophils		2.1110
anabasine
Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.		2.0810anabasine
isopropyl thiogalactoside
Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.		210S-glycosyl compound
4-benzoylphenylalanine
4-benzoylphenylalanine: structure in first source; do not confuse with N-benzoylphenylalanine		2.1110
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		2.0510
magainin 2 peptide, xenopus
magainin 2 peptide, Xenopus: from skin of Xenopus laevis; 23-amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from magainin 1 by substitution of Lys instead of Gly at position 10 & Asn instead of Lys at position 22; also used to prevent development of malarial oocysts in mosquito vector; Z-12 is magainin 2 with Lys and Phe residues replaced with their respective D-isomers; homologue of the Xenopus laevis cement; GenBank AF004262 (mouse), AF007791, AF038451-2 (human)		2.0510
drosocin
drosocin: amino acid sequence given in first source for drosocin and its precursor; GenBank Z21942		4.2450
pyrrhocoricin protein, pyrrhocoris apterus
pyrrhocoricin protein, Pyrrhocoris apterus: a 20-residue proline-rich peptide carrying an O-glycosylated substitution; from the sap-sucking bug Pyrrhocoris apterus; active against Gram-negative bacteria; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.4220
ceca1 protein, drosophila
[no description available]		2.0510
pr 39
PR 39: antibacterial peptide from pig intestine; MW 4.719 kDa; contains 39 amino acid residues; has high activity against E coli & Bacillus megaterium; amino acid sequence given in first source. PR-39 : A 39 amino acid porcine cathelicidin that is rich in proline and arginine residues. It plays a pivotal role in the innate immune defence of the pig against infections and exhibits antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities.		210
oncocin
oncocin: a synthetic peptide		3.7190
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.4720
indolicidin
[no description available]		3.3110
clothianidin
clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
2-nitroguanidine derivative;
clothianidin;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.4620
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.4620
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.3110
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.7230
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.7230
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.1510
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		02.520
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		02.520
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.0510
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.0510
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		01.9810
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.9110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.9110