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negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin. [GOC:add]

Negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrins is a complex process that involves a variety of molecular mechanisms designed to control the interaction of cells with their extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrins are transmembrane receptors that play a crucial role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. They bind to specific ECM proteins like collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, mediating cell-ECM interactions.

The negative regulation of integrin-mediated cell adhesion is essential for various biological processes, including:

* **Cell detachment:** During processes like wound healing and development, cells need to detach from the ECM to migrate or proliferate. This detachment is regulated by mechanisms that decrease integrin activity.
* **Cell migration:** Precise control of cell adhesion is crucial for directed cell migration. Integrins must dynamically switch between adhesive and non-adhesive states to facilitate movement.
* **Regulation of cell signaling:** Integrin activation triggers downstream signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Negative regulation of integrin activity fine-tunes these signaling cascades.

Several mechanisms contribute to the negative regulation of integrin-mediated cell adhesion:

**1. Ligand-induced conformational changes:** Integrin activation often triggers a conformational change in the integrin molecule, making it more susceptible to inactivation. This conformational change can result in reduced affinity for ECM ligands or even complete detachment from the ECM.

**2. Phosphorylation:** Phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues within integrin subunits can alter their affinity for ECM ligands or their ability to interact with intracellular signaling molecules.

**3. Cytoskeletal rearrangements:** The actin cytoskeleton plays a role in integrin clustering and signaling. Disruption of the cytoskeleton can weaken the adhesive interactions between integrins and the ECM.

**4. Intracellular signaling pathways:** Various intracellular signaling pathways, such as the Rho GTPase pathway, can influence integrin activity. For example, activation of the Rho GTPase RhoA can promote integrin clustering and adhesion, while activation of other GTPases like Rac1 or Cdc42 can lead to detachment.

**5. Expression of adhesion molecules:** The expression levels of integrins and their associated adhesion molecules can be regulated by transcription factors, growth factors, and other signaling molecules. Reduced expression of these molecules can lead to decreased cell adhesion.

**6. Proteolytic cleavage:** Some integrin subunits can be cleaved by proteases, which can interfere with their ability to bind to ECM ligands or interact with intracellular signaling molecules.

**7. Competing ligands:** Other molecules can compete with ECM ligands for binding to integrins, effectively reducing integrin-mediated adhesion.

**8. Inhibitory proteins:** Specific proteins, such as integrin-associated protein (IAP), can bind to integrins and inhibit their function.

These intricate mechanisms ensure that integrin-mediated cell adhesion is precisely regulated, allowing cells to respond appropriately to various environmental cues and maintain tissue integrity.'
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Proteins (6)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Alkaline ceramidase 2An alkaline ceramidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q5QJU3]Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1B1A cytochrome P450 1B1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16678]Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase BA cGMP-inhibited 3,5-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13370]Homo sapiens (human)
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q06124]Homo sapiens (human)
Mucin-1A mucin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P15941]Homo sapiens (human)
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1A plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P05121]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (177)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
gallic acidgallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
imidazole1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.

imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd
imidazole
melatoninacetamides;
tryptamines
anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.

4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.
aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion
allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
my 5445MY 5445: potential platelet aggregation inhibitorpyridazines;
ring assembly
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
berberinealkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
5-methoxypsoralen5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.

5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.
5-methoxyfurocoumarin;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
psoralens
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
carvedilolcarbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
cilostamidecilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structurequinolines
cilostazollactam;
tetrazoles
anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dipyridamoledipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.

Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)
piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol
adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
donepezil2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.

donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.

Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
etazolateetazolate : A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.

Etazolate: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.
ethyl ester;
hydrazone;
pyrazolopyridine
alpha-secretase activator;
antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
fluoxetinefluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.
(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
furafyllineoxopurine
hexachlorophenehexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.

Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene
acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
amrinoneamrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.

Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.
bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
khellinkhellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.

Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024)
furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle
anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
losartanlosartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position

Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.
biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles
angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first sourcechromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
milrinonebipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
papaverinepapaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.

Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines
antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
proxyphyllineoxopurine
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source

quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.
tetrahydroxyanthraquinoneEC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.methoxybenzenes
roliprampyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
sulmazolesulmazole : An imidazopyridine that is 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl group. An A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, it was formerly used as a cardiotonic agent.

sulmazole: structure given in first source
imidazopyridine;
sulfoxide
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
vesnarinoneorganic molecular entity
1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate: structure given in first source; inhibits DMBA-induced carcinogenesis by inhibiting DMBA-DNA adduct formation
zardaverinezardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.

zardaverine: structure given in first source
organofluorine compound;
pyridazinone
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
peripheral nervous system drug
estroneHydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.17-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpdortho-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
alizarindihydroxyanthraquinonechromophore;
dye;
plant metabolite
purpurinpurpurin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4.

purpurin: from Rubiaceae plants; structure in first source
trihydroxyanthraquinonebiological pigment;
histological dye;
plant metabolite
1,3-diphenyl-1-triazene1,3-diphenyl-1-triazene: structure in first source
glycyrrhetinic acidcyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
naphthazarinnaphthazarin : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.

naphthazarin: fish toxin; isolated for first time from the walnut onigurmi, Juglans mandshurica maxim var. Sieboldiana Makino; structure
hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinoneacaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
plumbaginplumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.

plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator
hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols
anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
imperatorinimperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005
psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
oxanilic acidoxanilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
oleanolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
plant metabolite
flavoneflavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.

flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source
flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
perillyl alcoholperillyl alcohol : A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender.

perillyl alcohol: inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase; structure in first source
limonene monoterpenoidplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
3-hydroxyflavone3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source

flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.
flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
alpha-naphthoflavonealpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).

alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4
extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
erythromycinerythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).

erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.

Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.
cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
tranylcypromine(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.

tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).

Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)
2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
9-benzyladenine
phosphotyrosineO(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.

Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine
Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
pyrenepyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.

pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746
ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
eg 626phthalazinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse with phthalazinol: 62054-23-3; thromboxane A2 antagonistphthalazines
enoximoneEnoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.aromatic ketone
piroximonepiroximone: structure in first source
2-(2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)-1h-imidazo(4,5-c)pyridine2-(2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo(4,5-c)pyridine: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd; closely related to sulmazoleimidazoles
imazodanimazodan: RN & structure given in first source;
4,5'-dimethylangelicinfuranocoumarin
vanadatesvanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.

Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.
trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.pentachlorobiphenyl;
trichlorobenzene
epigallocatechin gallate(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.

epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis)
flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate
proadifen hydrochloride
rutecarpinerutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsulesbeta-carbolines
2-methoxyestradiol2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid
angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pinocembrinpinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.(2S)-flavan-4-one;
dihydroxyflavanone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
vasodilator agent
isopimpinellinisopimpinellin: from Ruta graveolens & Heracleum lanatum; structurepsoralens
isoimperatorinisoimperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 5. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

isoimperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist isolated from Glehniae root
psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
5-hydroxyflavoneflavones
4-methoxyestradiol4-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a methoxy group.

4-methoxyestradiol: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
phenols
estrogen;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite
nitraquazonenitraquazone: structure given in first source
pirlindolepirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812carbazoles
hesperetin3'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
sennoside Asennoside A : A member of the class of sennosides that is rel-(9R,9'R)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'. The exact stereochemisty at positions 9 and 9' is not known - it may be R,R (as shown) or S,S.oxo dicarboxylic acid;
sennosides
homoeriodictyolhomoeriodictyol : A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.

homoeriodictyol: structure in first source
3'-methoxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone
flavouring agent;
metabolite
maslinic acid(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoriadihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
nsc-87877NSC-87877: potent Shp2 (nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase) inhibitor; structure in first source
eupatorineupatorin : A trimethoxyflavone that is 6-hydroxyluteolin in which the phenolic hydogens at positions 4', 6 and 7 have been replaced by methyl groups.

eupatorin: a flavonoid from the East Asian medicinal plant Orthosiphon spicatus; prevents oxidative inactivation of 15-lipoxygenase; structure given in first source
dihydroxyflavone;
polyphenol;
trimethoxyflavone
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Brassica napus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
P450 inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
phellopterinphellopterin: a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in roots of Angelica dahurica; structure in first sourcepsoralens
karanjinkaranjin: structure given in first sourceextended flavonoid
benzyl selenocyanatebenzyl selenocyanate: prevents colon carcinogenesis
tingenonetingenone: quinonoid triterpene isolated from Euonymus tingens
geniposideterpene glycoside
tadalafilbenzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tanshinonetanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agentabietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
celastrolmonocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
2-(n-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol2-(N-myristoylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol: ceramidase inhibitor; RN given for ((R*,S*)-(+-))-isomer; structure in first sourcealkylbenzene
y 590
16-fluoro-5-androsten-17-one16-fluoro-5-androsten-17-one: RN given refers to the (16alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 2/91; has antiproliferative effects on HIV-1 and reduces HIV-1 replication
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2R,3S)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.EHNAEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2S,3R)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2S,3R.EHNA
cilomilastmethoxybenzenes
5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone: isolated from Artemisia argyi
rp 73401piclamilast : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.

piclamilast: an antiasthmatic agent and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase Ioxopurine
cirsiliolcirsiliol : A dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5, 3' and 4' respectively.

cirsiliol: potent inhibitor of arachidonate lipooxygenase
dimethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
plant metabolite
cryptotanshinonecryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhizaabietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
isosakuranetin4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).

isosakuranetin: structure in first source
(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
monomethoxyflavanone
plant metabolite
tanshinone ii atashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first sourceabietane diterpenoid
nsc-89199estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustineestramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.

Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound
alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
demethyleneberberinedemethyleneberberine: structure in first source
naringenin(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin
expectorant;
plant metabolite
eriodictyoleriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.

eriodictyol: structure
3'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
genipiniridoid monoterpenoidanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
hepatotoxic agent;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
vinpocetinevinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designationalkaloidgeroprotector
resveratroltrans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
rolipram(-)-rolipram : The (R)-enantiomer of rolipram.rolipram
roflumilastaromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound
anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
Epigallocatechin 3,5-Digallatecatechin
cannabidiolcannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.

Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.
olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols
antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
cefsulodincefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.

Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.
cephalosporin;
organosulfonic acid;
primary carboxamide
antibacterial drug
pongamolpongamol: from Pongamia pinnata fruits; structure in first source
4,5-dihydro-6-(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-3(2h)-pyridazinone4,5-dihydro-6-(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone: RN & structure given in first source
thalifendinethalifendine: structure in first source
uccf-029organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound
nsc 117199
illudalic acidilludalic acid: isolated from Clitocybe illudens; structure in first source
quercetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
acacetin5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone
anticonvulsant;
plant metabolite
apigeninChamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone
angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
pinosylvinpinosylvin: phytoalexin found in pine and eucalyptuspinosylvin
chrysoeriol4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.

chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
kaempferol7-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone
antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
baicaleintrihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysinchrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.7-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmetin3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
galangin5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source

galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.
7-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
genkwaningenkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.

genkwanin: structure
dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone
metabolite
3-methylquercetinisorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.7-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone
anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
kaempferidekaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.

kaempferide: structure in first source
7-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
antihypertensive agent;
metabolite
myricetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
scutellareinscutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.

scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein
tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
tamarixetintamarixetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.

tamarixetin: isolated from Costsus spicatus
7-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone
antioxidant;
metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbenetrans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrolstilbenoid
pterostilbenediether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
7-hydroxyflavone7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.hydroxyflavonoid
indolidanindolidan: structure given in first source
2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: potent inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 1B1; an antihypertensive agent; structure in first source
2-amino-6-chloropurine6-chloroguanine : An organochlorine compound that is 7H-purin-2-amine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.

6-chloroguanine: an antimalarial that inhibits hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source
2-aminopurines;
organochlorine compound
bemoradanbemoradan: RN & structure given in first source
3,3',4,5'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene(E)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: from the leaves of Eugenia rigida; structure in first source
3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene: structure in first source
bergamottinbergamottin: constituent of bergamot oil; structure given in first sourcefuranocoumarinmetabolite
pinostilbene3-methoxy-4',5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether.

pinostilbene: structure in first source
stilbenol
1,3-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2h-imidazo(4,5-b)quinolin-2-one1,3-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2H-imidazo(4,5-b)quinolin-2-one: structure given in first source
3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene4'-methoxyresveratrol: has anti-inflammatory effects in cell culture model
pai 039tiplaxtinin: inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1indole-3-acetic acids
indacaterolindacaterol : A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

indacaterol: a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist; indacaterol is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source
indanes;
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent
eupatorin-5-methyl ethereupatorin-5-methyl ether: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source
xr 334XR 334: a low molecular weight modulator of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer
ci 1044CI 1044: inhibits PDE4; structure in first source
4-(3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-chlorocinnamic acid
t 1032T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source
pifithrin-alpha
sideroxylonal csideroxylonal C: formylated phloroglucinol from flowers of Eucalyptus albens; structure in first source
Dihydrotanshinone Idihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviaeabietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
losartan potassiumErythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.
pf 04217903quinolines
3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazinetriazoles
pf-044189481-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-3-(((6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)oxy)methyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid: structure in first source
3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-indole-5-carboxylic acid3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid: an SHP2 inhibitor; structure in first source
nitd 609NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source
an2728crisaborole : A member of the class of benzoxaboroles that is 5-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborole in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyanophenyl group. A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that is used for treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adults.

crisaborole: NSAID, Dermatologic Agent; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
benzoxaborole;
nitrile
antipsoriatic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
kaf156ganaplacide: antimalarial
cc-1151-ethyl-7-(2-methyl-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrazino(2,3-b)pyrazin-2(1H)-one: an mTOR kinase inhibitor; structure in first source
chf6001tanimilast: a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor; structure in first source
cyclic gmp3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.

Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sildenafilsildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
zaprinastzaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structuretriazolopyrimidines
vardenafilvardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
Imidazosagatriazinonepyrazolopyrimidine
bl 4162aanagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.

anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source
imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
1,5-dihydro-7-(1-piperidinyl)-imidazo(2,1-b)quinazolin-2(3h)-one1,5-dihydro-7-(1-piperidinyl)-imidazo(2,1-b)quinazolin-2(3H)-one: a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation
quazinone
lixazinonelixazinone: structure given in first source