arenobufagin profile

arenobufagin: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	12305198
CHEMBL ID	4086974
CHEBI ID	197067
SCHEMBL ID	21578402
MeSH ID	M0155969

Synonym
464-74-4
bufa-20,22-dienolide, 3,11,14-trihydroxy-12-oxo- (3-beta,5-beta,11-alpha)-
5-beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide, 12-oxo-3-beta,11-alpha,14-trihydroxy-
12-oxo-3-beta,11-alpha,14-trihydroxy-5-beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide
arenobufagin
CHEBI:197067
5-[(3s,5r,8r,9s,10s,11s,13r,14s,17r)-3,11,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-12-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one
unii-27r42qlm25
3,11,14-trihydroxy-12-oxo-bufa-20,22-dienolide
27r42qlm25 ,
C20035
CS-3693
AC-34734
HY-N0876
SCHEMBL21578402
AKOS030526814
NCGC00485924-01
arenobufogenin
DTXSID00963565
CHEMBL4086974
5-((3s,5r,8r,9s,10s,11s,13r,14s,17r)-3,11,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-12-oxohexadecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2h-pyran-2-one
AS-76734
(3.beta.,5.beta.,11.alpha.)-3,11,14-trihydroxy-12-oxobufa-20,22-dienolide
GLXC-13270

Research Excerpts

Overview

Arenobufagin (ArBu) is a natural anticancer drug with good anti-tumor effects, but its clinical applications and drug development potential are limited due to its toxicity. It is a major active component of toad venom, a traditional Chinese medicine used for cancer therapy.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Arenobufagin is a naturally occurring bufadienolide showing promising antitumor activity accompanied however with apparent cardiac toxicity. "	( Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin. Chang, YQ; Chen, WM; Hou, W; Huang, ZX; Lin, H; Lin, J; Peng, QL; Sun, PH; Wang, LH; Xu, HG; Yao, Z; Zhang, DM, 2018)	2.31
"Arenobufagin (ArBu) is a natural anticancer drug with good anti-tumor effects, but its clinical applications and drug development potential are limited due to its toxicity. "	( Arenobufagin-loaded PEG-PLA nanoparticles for reducing toxicity and enhancing cancer therapy. Bo, G; Bo, S; Chuan, L; Haiyu, Z; Hongjie, W; Jiaying, Y; Keke, L; Linna, W; Nan, S; Qinghe, Z; Shan, J; Wenya, G; Xiaolu, W; Yan, Z; Yanyan, Z; Yu, Z, 2023)	3.8
"Arenobufagin (ArBu) is an important anti-tumor ingredient of Chan'su which has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in clinic for tumor therapy in China."	( The lipid homeostasis regulation study of arenobufagin in zebrafish HepG2 xenograft model and HepG2 cells using integrated lipidomics-proteomics approach. Bian, BL; Guo, FF; Si, N; Wang, HJ; Wei, JY; Wei, XL; Yang, J; Yang, ZG; Zhao, HY; Zhao, LJ, 2020)	2.27
"Arenobufagin (ABG) is a major active component of toad venom, a traditional Chinese medicine used for cancer therapy. "	( Systemic delivery of the anticancer agent arenobufagin using polymeric nanomicelles. Dong, D; Li, Z; Su, K; Wu, B; Xie, Q; Yuan, X, 2017)	2.16

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The purpose of this study is to reduce the toxic side effects of ArBu and improve the efficacy of tumor treatment by incorporating it into poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly (lactide) co-polymer (PEG-PLA)."	( Arenobufagin-loaded PEG-PLA nanoparticles for reducing toxicity and enhancing cancer therapy. Bo, G; Bo, S; Chuan, L; Haiyu, Z; Hongjie, W; Jiaying, Y; Keke, L; Linna, W; Nan, S; Qinghe, Z; Shan, J; Wenya, G; Xiaolu, W; Yan, Z; Yanyan, Z; Yu, Z, 2023)	2.35

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The method was successfully applied to the determination and pharmacokinetic study of arenobufagin in rat plasma following intraperitoneal administration."	( Quantitative determination of arenobufagin in rat plasma by ultra fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, X; Han, W; Jiang, W; Li, G; Ma, A; Ye, W; Zhang, D, 2013)	0.9

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
steroid lactone
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (28)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1456919	Antiproliferative activity against wild type human MDA-MB-435 cells expressing FAP-alpha incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456921	Antiproliferative activity against FAP-alpha deficient human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456934	Cardiotoxicity in BALB/C nude mouse xenografted with human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in left ventricular internal systole dimension at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22 by echocardiography	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456931	Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted in BALB/C nude mouse assessed as tumor regression at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22 by Ki67 staining-based assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1420577	Cytotoxic activity against human AC16 cells assessed as cell swelling at 1 uM after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopic method	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1420581	Toxicity in ip dosed Kunming mouse assessed as mortality	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1420575	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2/ADM cells by MTT assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1456935	Cardiotoxicity in BALB/C nude mouse xenografted with human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in left ventricular internal diastole dimension at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22 by echocardiography	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1420576	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human AC16 cells to IC50 for human HepG2 cells	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1456893	Cytotoxicity in BMSC (unknown origin) assessed as cell viability at 1000 nmol/L after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456920	Antiproliferative activity against FAP-alpha deficient human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1420572	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1456943	Acute toxicity in iv dosed Kunming mouse measured less than 4 hrs post dose	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1420578	Cytotoxic activity against human AC16 cells assessed as cell detachment from substratum at 1 uM after 24 hrs by phase contrast microscopic method	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1456933	Cardiotoxicity in BALB/C nude mouse xenografted with human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in interventricular septal diastole dimension at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22 by echocardiography	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456932	Cardiotoxicity in BALB/C nude mouse xenografted with human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in interventricular septal systole dimension at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22 by echocardiography	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456940	Cardiotoxicity in BALB/C nude mouse xenografted with human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cytoplasmic vacuolization at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22 by hematoxylin-eosin staining-based assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456929	Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted in BALB/C nude mouse at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22 by Ki67 staining-based assay relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456926	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 62.5 to 500 nmol/L after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1420573	Antiproliferative activity against human AC16 cells by MTT assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1420574	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Hybrids of arenobufagin and benzoisoselenazol reducing the cardiotoxicity of arenobufagin.
AID1456945	Acute toxicity in Kunming mouse assessed as mortality at 4 umol/kg, iv after 8 hrs post dose	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
AID1456942	Cardiotoxicity in BALB/C nude mouse xenografted with human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in LDH level at 4 umol/kg, iv administered starting on day 5 measured after day 22	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Fibroblast Activation Protein α Activated Tripeptide Bufadienolide Antitumor Prodrug with Reduced Cardiotoxicity.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	2 (6.45)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	20 (64.52)	24.3611
2020's	9 (29.03)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	32 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	7.06	1	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.17	1	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.17	1	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
hellebrigenin hellebrigenin: structure	7.17	1
Gamabufogenin gamabufotalin: antiangiogenic, main active compound isolated from Chinese medicine Chansu; structure in first source	2.15	1	steroid lactone
telocinobufagin telocinobufagin: structure	2.13	1	steroid lactone
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	1.98	1	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.11	1	ammonium ion derivative
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	2.13	1	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
bufadienolide bufadienolide: isolated from liushen pills; RN given for (14beta)-isomer. bufadienolide : The simplest member of the class of bufadienolides that is bufanolide with unsaturation at positions 20 and 22.	2.13	1	bufadienolides
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.15	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.91	3
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.15	1
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	2.91	3
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.25	1
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.63	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.63	2
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.25	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.25	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.25	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.25	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.25	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.07	4
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.07	4
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.07	4
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.07	4
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.86	3
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.86	3
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.17	1
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.17	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.17	1
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	7.17	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.08	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.11	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.11	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.13	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.13	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.47	2

arenobufagin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (24)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (28)

Research

Studies (31)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.47

Study Types

arenobufagin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (24)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (28)

Research

Studies (31)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.47

Study Types

Related Drugs (12)

Related Conditions (29)