extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:mah]

The extrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane refers to the proteins and other molecules that are associated with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane but are not embedded within it. These components are typically attached to the membrane through non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatic interactions or interactions with lipid anchors. They play a variety of crucial roles in cellular function, including:

**Signaling:** Many receptors for extracellular signals, such as hormones and growth factors, are located on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. These receptors bind to their ligands and initiate signaling cascades that ultimately lead to changes in cellular behavior.

**Structural support:** Some extrinsic components contribute to the structural integrity of the plasma membrane. For example, proteins that link to the cytoskeleton, such as spectrin and ankyrin, help to maintain the shape and stability of the cell.

**Transport:** Proteins involved in the transport of molecules across the plasma membrane, such as ion channels and pumps, are often associated with the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. These proteins facilitate the movement of specific ions and molecules across the membrane, contributing to the regulation of cell volume, pH, and other critical cellular processes.

**Cell-cell interactions:** Some extrinsic components participate in cell-cell interactions, such as adhesion molecules that bind to similar molecules on adjacent cells. These interactions are essential for tissue development and function.

**Enzymatic activity:** The cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane can also harbor enzymes that catalyze a variety of metabolic reactions, including those involved in signal transduction and energy production.

The specific composition of the extrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane varies depending on the cell type and its specific functions. However, this region of the plasma membrane is a highly dynamic and complex environment, playing a critical role in regulating many essential cellular processes.'
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Proteins (7)

Compounds (396)