Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Fractures, Avulsion

Tearing away of the CORTICAL BONE fragment at the location of a strong ligament or tendon attachment. The bone fragment detachment site often occurs near a soft site (e.g., GROWTH PLATE) at the base where LIGAMENTS; TENDONS; or JOINT CAPSULES attach. In younger patients it is most often caused by a sudden forceful pull on a tendon in the opposite direction of the bone movement. In the elderly it is associated with osteoporotic INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURES.

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Sprain Fracture
Fractures, Avulsion

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Tibial spine avulsion fractures are mostly a paediatric injury which appropriate treatment is currently debated in literature."( Finzi, SS; Gigante, A; Marinelli, M; Rotini, M; Setaro, N, 2018)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Tibial spine avulsion fractures are mostly a paediatric injury which appropriate treatment is currently debated in literature."( Finzi, SS; Gigante, A; Marinelli, M; Rotini, M; Setaro, N, 2018)
"The treatment of tibial spine avulsion fractures with arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) technique by magnesium resorbable screws seems to result in an excellent functional recovery without complications related to fixation devices, which were completely resorbed after 6 months and replaced by newly formed bone after 12 months."( Finzi, SS; Gigante, A; Marinelli, M; Rotini, M; Setaro, N, 2018)

Research

Studies (10)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's5 (50.00)28.8240
2020's5 (50.00)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
titanium0low10
zoledronic acid0medium11
voriconazole0low10
calcitriol0medium11
leptin0low10

Protein Targets (80)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain1001
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
USP1 protein, partial1001
PPM1D protein1001
Microtubule-associated protein tau1001
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 21001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
geminin1001
peripheral myelin protein 221001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30303
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40303
Bile salt export pump0303
Interferon beta2002
Vitamin D-binding protein0011
Cytochrome P450 1A20001
Cytochrome P450 3A40304
Androgen receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 2D60101
Vitamin D3 receptor0124
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0203
Vitamin D3 receptor0113
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0011
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0011
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0011
Vitamin D3 receptor0112
Transporter0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10303
Vitamin D3 receptor A0022
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma1001
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha1001
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor1001
Sterol 14-alpha-demethylase0011
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 41001
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
G1001
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0011
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Cytochrome P450 1440011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase0213
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
Fumarate hydratase1001
polyprotein1001
lamin isoform A-delta101001
Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A10012
Carbonic anhydrase 120101
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0203
Carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase0202
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Neutrophil collagenase0101
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-140101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0202
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 90101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0101
H0101
Carbonic anhydrase 140101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]