Page last updated: 2024-09-27
Fractures, Avulsion
Tearing away of the CORTICAL BONE fragment at the location of a strong ligament or tendon attachment. The bone fragment detachment site often occurs near a soft site (e.g., GROWTH PLATE) at the base where LIGAMENTS; TENDONS; or JOINT CAPSULES attach. In younger patients it is most often caused by a sudden forceful pull on a tendon in the opposite direction of the bone movement. In the elderly it is associated with osteoporotic INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURES.
Synonyms(2)
| Synonym |
|---|
| Sprain Fracture |
| Fractures, Avulsion |
Research Excerpts
Overview
Treatment
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Tibial spine avulsion fractures are mostly a paediatric injury which appropriate treatment is currently debated in literature." | ( Finzi, SS; Gigante, A; Marinelli, M; Rotini, M; Setaro, N, 2018) |
| "The treatment of tibial spine avulsion fractures with arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) technique by magnesium resorbable screws seems to result in an excellent functional recovery without complications related to fixation devices, which were completely resorbed after 6 months and replaced by newly formed bone after 12 months." | ( Finzi, SS; Gigante, A; Marinelli, M; Rotini, M; Setaro, N, 2018) |
Research
Studies (10)
| Timeframe | Studies, This Condition (%) | All Conditions % |
|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 23.3326 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 12.5806 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 18.1394 |
| 2010's | 5 (50.00) | 28.8240 |
| 2020's | 5 (50.00) | 9.53 |
Protein Targets (80)
| Protein | Potency Measurements | Inhibition Measurements | Activation Measurements | Drugs |
|---|
| Chain A, Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Chain A, Ferritin light chain | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitamin D3 receptor | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| PPM1D protein | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| thioredoxin glutathione reductase | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| geminin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Bile salt export pump | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Interferon beta | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Vitamin D-binding protein | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 1A2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| Androgen receptor | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitamin D3 receptor | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Cytochrome P450 2C9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Vitamin D3 receptor | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2C19 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitamin D3 receptor | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitamin D3 receptor | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Transporter | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Vitamin D3 receptor A | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Sterol 14-alpha-demethylase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| EWS/FLI fusion protein | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| G | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 14-alpha sterol demethylase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2B6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 144 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Steroid C26-monooxygenase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Steroid C26-monooxygenase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sterol 14-alpha demethylase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 14-alpha sterol demethylase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 14-alpha sterol demethylase | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Fumarate hydratase | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| polyprotein | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 72 kDa type IV collagenase | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Neutrophil collagenase | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Farnesyl diphosphate synthase | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| H | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |