trypan red profile

Trypan red is a bright red diazo dye that was first synthesized in 1904. It is a bisazo dye that is used as a histological stain and as a research tool in cell biology. Trypan red binds to negatively charged molecules, such as DNA and RNA, and is therefore used to stain nuclei and cytoplasm. It is also used to study cell permeability and to track the movement of cells. Trypan red is toxic to many cells, including trypanosomes, which are parasitic protozoans that cause African sleeping sickness. The toxicity of trypan red is due to its ability to bind to and inhibit the activity of enzymes. Trypan red is also used as a model compound for the study of drug delivery and toxicity. Its synthesis involves the coupling of diazonium salts derived from benzidine with 1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)benzene. It is widely used in research as it crosses cell membranes and is taken up by cells, with its uptake correlating with the number of live cells. It is a vital tool in cell viability assays and is often used to measure cytotoxicity.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	73031
MeSH ID	M0107375

Synonym
trypan red
574-64-1
c.i. 22850
3-amino-4-[(e)-[4-[4-[(e)-(2-amino-3,6-disulfo-1-naphthyl)azo]-3-sulfo-phenyl]phenyl]azo]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
nsc11243
3-amino-4-[[4-[4-[(2-amino-3,6-disulfonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-3-sulfophenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
pentasodium 4,4'-((3-sulphonato(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo))bis(3-aminonaphthalene-2,7-disulphonate)
nsc 11243
einecs 209-372-0
2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4,4'-((3-sulfo-4,4'-biphenylylene)bis(azo))bis(3-amino-, pentasodium salt
trypanrot
unii-2549sx0n51
biphenyl-3-sulfonsaeure-4,4'-bis(1-azo-2-amino-3,6-naphthyldisulfonsaeure) pentanatriumsalz
2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4,4'-((3-sulfo(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo))bis(3-amino-, pentasodium salt
4,4'-(3-sulfo-4,4'-biphenylylenbiazo)bis(3-amino-2,7-naphthalindisulfonsaeure) pentanatriumsalz
2549sx0n51 ,
trypan red [who-dd]
trypan red [mi]
c.i.-22850
ci-22850
4,4'-((3-sulfo(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)bis(2,1-diazenediyl))bis(3-amino-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid) sodium salt (1:5)
trypanred
CS-8119
HY-D0983
Q2456812
sodium 4,4'-((3-sulfonato-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(diazene-2,1-diyl))bis(3-aminonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate)
pentasodium;3-amino-4-[[4-[4-[(2-amino-3,6-disulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-3-sulfonatophenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate
DTXSID601024130
4,4'-[(3-sulfo[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[3-amino-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, pentasodium salt

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	16 (94.12)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	1 (5.88)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (5.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	17 (94.44%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.33	2	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.34	2	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
chloral hydrate [no description available]	1.94	1	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	3.15	1	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.33	2	pyrrolidin-2-ones
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	3.15	1	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.34	2	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.34	2	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	3.95	4

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	2.97	1
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.97	1
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	2.97	1
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.97	1
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	1.93	1
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	1.93	1
Eastern Equine Encephalitis [description not available]	1.93	1
Encephalitis, Equine [description not available]	1.93	1
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	6.93	1
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	6.93	1
Viral Diseases [description not available]	1.93	1
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	6.93	1
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	3.18	6
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	1.93	1
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	3.18	6
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	6.93	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	6.93	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	1.93	1
Brain Disorders [description not available]	1.93	1
Myelopathy [description not available]	1.93	1
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	1.93	1
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	1.93	1
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	2.84	4
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.84	4
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.94	1
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	6.94	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.94	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1.93	1
Eulenburg Disease [description not available]	1.93	1
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.	1.93	1
Myotonic Disorders Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.	1.93	1
Central European Encephalitis [description not available]	1.92	1
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	6.92	1
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	1.92	1
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	1.92	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	1.96	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.96	1

trypan red

Cross-References

Synonyms (29)

Research

Studies (17)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 26.98

Study Types