Gene Targets > xanthine oxidase activity
Page last updated: 2024-10-24

xanthine oxidase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.17.3.2]

Xanthine oxidase activity is a crucial metabolic process catalyzed by the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO). This enzyme, primarily found in the liver, plays a vital role in the purine metabolism pathway by oxidizing hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. XO's molecular function is intricate and involves the transfer of electrons through a complex series of redox reactions. The active site of XO comprises a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) and two iron-sulfur clusters (Fe-S clusters). The process begins with the binding of hypoxanthine to the MoCo. This interaction triggers the transfer of electrons from hypoxanthine to the MoCo, followed by the transfer to the Fe-S clusters, and finally to molecular oxygen. This electron transfer process results in the formation of superoxide radicals, which are further reduced to hydrogen peroxide. In addition to its role in purine metabolism, XO has been implicated in various physiological processes, including inflammation, vascular tone regulation, and oxidative stress. Its activity is tightly regulated by various factors, including dietary intake, hormonal levels, and genetic variations. Dysregulation of XO activity has been associated with various diseases, including gout, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Thus, understanding the molecular function of xanthine oxidase activity is essential for comprehending its role in human health and disease.'
"

Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseA xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase that is encoded in the genome of cow. [PMID:8708081, PRO:HJD]Bos taurus (cattle)
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseA xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47989]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (125)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
protocatechuic acid3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.

protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
adenine6-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
salicylic acidScalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
taxifolin3'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
pentahydroxyflavanone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd		dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
niacinNiacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.

nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.

vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).		pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
xanthine7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.

9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beta-naphthoflavonebeta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.

beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308)		extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
propyl gallatePropyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.trihydroxybenzoic acid
methyl gallatemethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum		gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
methylparabenmethylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.

methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd		parabenantifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
vanillic acidvanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.

Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).		methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
catechin(+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.

catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.

Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.

rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin		catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
2-aminopurine2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.

2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).

aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.		2-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
3-hydroxyflavone3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source

flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
alpha-naphthoflavonealpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).

alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4		extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
5-methylbenzimidazole5-methyl-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted by a methyl group.

5-methylbenzimidazole: structure in first source		imidazoles
isovanillinisovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.

isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase		benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		animal metabolite;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
antifungal agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
HIV protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one3-hydroxycoumarin: Photoprotective from sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells; structure in first source

hydroxycoumarin : Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.		hydroxycoumarin
butylated hydroxyanisole
2,6-diaminopurine9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.2,6-diaminopurines;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acidchromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.

pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent		gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger
o-(6)-methylguanine6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.

methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.

O-(6)-methylguanine: structure		methylguaninemutagen
secoisolariciresinol(-)-secoisolariciresinol : An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.

secoisolariciresinol : A lignan that is butane-1,4-diol in which the 2 and 3 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups

secoisolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; precursor of lignans found in human urine; structure given in first source		secoisolariciresinolantidepressant;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acidhydroxybenzoic acid
tangeretinpentamethoxyflavone : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a five methoxy groups.

tangeretin : A pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8.

tangeretin: structure given in first source; from citrus plants; inhibits invasion of MO4 mouse cells into embryonic chick heart in vitro		pentamethoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
isoscopoletinisoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.aromatic ether;
hydroxycoumarin		plant metabolite
2-hydroxychavicol2-hydroxychavicol: antimutagen from betel leaf; structure given in first source
epicatechin(-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.catechin;
polyphenol		antioxidant
gallocatechol(-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.catechin;
flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol		antioxidant;
food component;
plant metabolite
nobiletinnobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.methoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
5-bromocytosine
4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine: adenine analog which suppresses growth of E coli & Bacillus cereus; inhibits cell growth & purine biosynthesis in rat hepatoma
1-methylxanthine1-methyl-7H-xanthine : A 1-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 7-position.

1-methylxanthine : A monomethylxanthine having the methyl group located at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of caffeine in humans.

1-methylxanthine: urinary metabolite of caffeine		1-methylxanthinemouse metabolite
monocerinmonocerin: structure in first sourcehydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
geniposideterpene glycoside
liquiritigenin4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.

liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.

liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium		4',7-dihydroxyflavanonehormone agonist;
plant metabolite
aromadedrin(+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.

aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol		4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetrahydroxyflavanone		metabolite
febuxostatfebuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.

Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.		1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
cirsimarincirsimarin: a flavone glycoside from Microtea debilis; structure given in first sourceflavonoids;
glycoside
4'-hydroxyflavanone4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source

4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.		4'-hydroxyflavanones;
monohydroxyflavanone
rubrofusarin Brubrofusarin B : A benzochromenone that is rubrofusarin in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding methyl ether.aromatic ether;
benzochromenone;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
phenols;
polyketide		Aspergillus metabolite
yemuoside ym(10)yemuoside YM(10): from Stauntonia chinensis Decne; structure given in first source
1-acetyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1h)-pyrazole
methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoatecatechols;
methyl ester		antioxidant;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
naringenin(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
geniposidic acidterpene glycoside
ferulic acidferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
y-700
trans-4-coumaric acid4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.

hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.

trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.		4-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
2'-hydroxychalcone2'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2'.chalcones;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent
2,2'-dihydroxychalcone2,2'-dihydroxychalcone: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source
isoliquiritigeninchalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
1-benzyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole1-benzyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source
thioguanine anhydrousThioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.

tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		2-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
6-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diaminepyrimidines
silybin
merbaronemerbarone: structure given in first source
2',3-dihydroxychalcone2',3-dihydroxychalcone: structure in first source
quercetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
acacetin5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		anticonvulsant;
plant metabolite
apigeninChamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
quercitrinalpha-L-rhamnoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antileishmanial agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
coniferaldehydeconiferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana

coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		cinnamaldehydes;
guaiacols;
phenylpropanoid		antifungal agent;
plant metabolite
daphnetinhydroxycoumarin
luteolin-7-glucosideluteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum		beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
chrysoeriol4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.

chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata		monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
quercetin 3-o-methyl ether3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone : A tetrahydroxyflavone having the 4-hydroxy groups located at the 3'- 4'- 5- and 7-positions as well as a methoxy group at the 2-position.

quercetin 3-O-methyl ether: from Rhamnus species; structure in first source		monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranosidequercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells

quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source		beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antipruritic drug;
bone density conservation agent;
geroprotector;
histamine antagonist;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
rutinHydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
3-methylkaempferol3-methoxyapigenin : A trihydroxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.

3-methylkaempferol: structure in first source		monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
kaempferol7-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
genistein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
buteinchalcones;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
okaninokanin : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, 2', 3', and 4' respectively.

okanin: hypoglycemic from Coreopsis tinctoria; structure in first source		benzenetriol;
chalcones		plant metabolite
sulfuretinsulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl1-benzofurans
esculetinesculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.

esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure		hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties

umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.		hydroxycoumarinfluorescent probe;
food component;
plant metabolite
amentoflavonebiflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
axillarinaxillarin : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 3,6-dimethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin.

axillarin: isolated from Pulicaria crispa or Filifdium sibiricum; structure given in first source		dimethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
baicaleintrihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysinchrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.7-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
fisetin3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
galangin5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source

galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		7-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetinisorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.7-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
norathyriolnorathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.

norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source		polyphenol;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
morinmorin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.

morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria)		7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
myricetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
robinetinrobinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.

robinetin: structure given in first source		7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
santinsantin : A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3, 6 and 4' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively.

santin: from Tanacetum microphyllum; structure given in first source		dihydroxyflavone;
trimethoxyflavone		plant metabolite
scutellareinscutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.

scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein		tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
wogoninwogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.

wogonin: structure in first source		dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
daidzein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
7-hydroxyflavone7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.hydroxyflavonoid
veronicastrosideluteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside : A disaccharide derivative that is luteolin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

veronicastroside: a flavonoid; second source Yak. Zas. shows same melting point, absorption, Rf and color tests for lonicerin (luteolin-7-rhamnoglucoside from Lonicera) and veronicastroside (luteolin-7-neohesperidoside from Trachelospermum);		disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
neohesperidoside;
trihydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
metabolite
4-hydroxychalcone4-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.

4-hydroxychalcone: structure in first source		chalcones;
phenols		antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.

3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source		7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6.

6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source		7-hydroxyisoflavonesanti-inflammatory agent;
antimutagen;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist;
PPARgamma agonist
topiroxostatFYX-051: xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor
cycloolivilcycloolivil: a free radical scavenger with platelet aggregation inhibitory activity; isolated from the olive treelignan
glyciteinglycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.7-hydroxyisoflavone;
methoxyisoflavone		fungal metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
hypolaetin-8-glucosidehypolaetin-8-glucoside: isolated from Sideritis mugronensis; structure given in first source
kaempferol-3-o-rutinosidekaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source

kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.		disaccharide derivative;
kaempferol O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
4-methylesculetin4-methylesculetin: has antiinflammatory activity

6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-methylcuomarin which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor. It has also been used as a fluorescent sensor to monitor the consumption of a boronic acid in Suzuki coupling reactions; fluorescence is readily detectable by the naked eye using a standard 365 nm UV lamp.		hydroxycoumarinanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor
ombuineombuin : A dimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' are replaced by methoxy groups. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

ombuine: from rhizome of Alpinia tonkinensis		dimethoxyflavone;
flavonols;
trihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
plant metabolite
tilirosidetiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigeruscinnamate ester;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
4',5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavoneviscosine: a GABA-A receptor agonist with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activities; isolated from Dodonaea viscosa; structure in first source
2-amino-6-chloropurine6-chloroguanine : An organochlorine compound that is 7H-purin-2-amine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.

6-chloroguanine: an antimalarial that inhibits hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source		2-aminopurines;
organochlorine compound
2',4'-dihydroxychalcone2',4'-dihydroxychalcone: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/89; structure given in first source
4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first sourceisoflavones
4,4'-dihydroxychalcone4,4'-dihydroxychalcone: structure
2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone: structure in first source
broussochalcone abroussochalcone A: RN given for (E)-isomer; inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst; structure in first source
3-nitrobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone3-nitrobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone: structure in first source
fonsecinone afonsecinone A : A dimeric naphthopyran with formula C32H26O10, originally isolated from Aspergillus niger.

fonsecinone A: isolated from Aspergillus aculeatus; structure in first source		aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
biaryl;
cyclic ketone;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
polyphenol		antibacterial agent;
Aspergillus metabolite
sesone7-deazaxanthine: structure in first source
salvianolic acid csalvianolic acid C: mTOR inhibitor from Salvia miltiorrhizabenzofurans
4-hydroxycoumarin2-hydroxychromone: structurehydroxycoumarin
oxypurinolalloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.

Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.		pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
allopurinolallopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.

Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.		nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine: pteridine precursor in biosynthesis of dihydropteroate; structure

6-formylpterin : Pterin carrying a formyl group at position 6.		aldehyde;
pterins		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
reactive oxygen species generator
bropiriminepyrimidines
9-phenylguanine
chemdatabank.com