Page last updated: 2024-10-24

Golgi-associated vesicle lumen

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a Golgi-associated vesicle. [GOC:mah]

The Golgi-associated vesicle lumen is a compartment within the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells, specifically associated with the Golgi apparatus. It is a fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane and functions as a transit point for proteins and other molecules that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and destined for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

The lumenal environment is distinct from the cytosol and plays a crucial role in protein processing and sorting. It contains a variety of enzymes and chaperones that modify proteins as they transit through the Golgi. These modifications include glycosylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, and proteolytic cleavage. The lumenal pH is also carefully regulated, contributing to the proper folding and sorting of proteins.

The lumenal space is not static but rather a dynamic compartment that undergoes constant remodeling as vesicles bud off from the Golgi and fuse with other organelles or the plasma membrane. The size and shape of the lumen can vary depending on the specific vesicle and its destination.

Specific features of the Golgi-associated vesicle lumen include:

* **Golgi-specific enzymes and chaperones**: These proteins are localized to the lumen and play a crucial role in protein processing and sorting. Examples include glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and protein disulfide isomerases.
* **Lumenal pH**: The pH of the lumen is typically acidic, which is crucial for the activity of many lumenal enzymes and for protein folding.
* **Vesicle budding and fusion**: Vesicles bud off from the Golgi lumen and fuse with other organelles or the plasma membrane, delivering their cargo to specific destinations.
* **Dynamic nature**: The lumen is a dynamic compartment that is constantly undergoing remodeling as vesicles bud off and fuse.

The Golgi-associated vesicle lumen is essential for the proper functioning of eukaryotic cells. It ensures the efficient processing, sorting, and delivery of proteins and other molecules, playing a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and function.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Beta-secretase 1A beta-secretase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P56817]Homo sapiens (human)
Beta-secretase 1A beta-secretase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P56817]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (118)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
coumarin2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivativecoumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
phloroglucinolphloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.

Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.
benzenetriol;
phenolic donor
algal metabolite
5-methoxypsoralen5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.

5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.
5-methoxyfurocoumarin;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
psoralens
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
chloroquinechloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
donepezil2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.

donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.

Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
p-hydroxyamphetaminep-Hydroxyamphetamine: Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine.amphetamines
methoxsalenmethoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.

Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.
aromatic ether;
psoralens
antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
tyraminemonoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
ficusinFicusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.

psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.
psoralensplant metabolite
scoparonescoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.

scoparone: structure
aromatic ether;
coumarins
anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antilipemic drug;
immunosuppressive agent;
plant metabolite
catechin(+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.

catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.

Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.

rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin
catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-7h-furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-7H-furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one: isolated from Angelica dahurica (Umbelliferae); structure in first sourcepsoralens
imperatorinimperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005
psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
ostholosthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first sourcebotanical anti-fungal agent;
coumarins
metabolite
ninhydrinninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.

Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.
aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate
colour indicator;
human metabolite
angelicinangelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structurefuranocoumarin
herniarinherniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.

herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure
coumarinsfluorochrome
1,2-Dihydroquinolin-2-imineaminoquinoline
aviprinaviprin: isolated from Angelica dahurica; structure in first sourcefuranocoumarinmetabolite
oxypeucadanin, (s)-(-)-isomerepoxide;
furanocoumarin;
lactone
plant metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.

epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis)
flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
gallocatechol(+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.

gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.

gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases
gallocatechinantioxidant;
metabolite;
radical scavenger
xanthotoxol8-hydroxyfurocoumarin : A furanocoumarin which bears a hydroxy group at position 8.8-hydroxyfurocoumarin
xanthyletinexanthyletine: structurecoumarins
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.

pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent
gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger
isopimpinellinisopimpinellin: from Ruta graveolens & Heracleum lanatum; structurepsoralens
isoimperatorinisoimperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 5. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

isoimperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist isolated from Glehniae root
psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
seselinseselin: structure in first sourcecoumarinsmetabolite
suberosinsuberosin : A member of the class of coumarins in which the coumarin ring is substituted at positions 6 and 7 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and a methoxy group, respectively. A natural product found in Citropsis articulata.

suberosin: has anti-inflammatory activity
aromatic ether;
coumarins
anticoagulant;
plant metabolite
vexibinolsophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'.

vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R*,S*))-isomer
(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
(-)-catechin(-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin.catechinmetabolite
heraclenolheraclenol: isolated from the herb Huanghuaren
1-aminoisoquinoline
rivastigminecarbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
columbianetin, (s)-isomer(S)-columbianetin : The (S)-(+)-enantiomer of columbianetin.columbianetin
phellopterinphellopterin: a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in roots of Angelica dahurica; structure in first sourcepsoralens
gefitinibaromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.

N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist
adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound
adenosine A3 receptor agonist
phlorofucofuroeckol aphlorofucofuroeckol A: phlorotannin from Ecklonia kurome; structure given in first source
eckoleckol : A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.

eckol: structure given in first source; isolated from brown alga Ecklonia kurome Okamura; inhibitor of alpha 2-antiplasmin
phlorotanninantioxidant;
metabolite
(+)-epicatechin(+)-epicatechin : A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer).catechin;
polyphenol
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
a-130a
marmesinmarmesin: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; nodakenetin is the (R)-isomermarmesin
latifolinlatifolin: structure in first source
decursindecursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first sourcecoumarins
decursinoldecursinol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 7,8-dihydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-2-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 7 and two methyl groups at position 8. It is isolated from the roots of Angelica gigas and has been found to possess significant inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme (EC 3.1.1.7).cyclic ether;
delta-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol
analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
eugeniineugeniin : An ellagitannin isolated from the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata. It exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as well as the wild-type HSV-1.

eugeniin: structure in first source
beta-D-glucoside;
ellagitannin;
gallate ester;
lactone
anti-HSV-1 agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
om99-2OM99-2: eight-residue memapsin 2 inhibitor; structure in first source
om00-3OM00-3: second-generation 8-residue memapsin 2 inhibitor; structure in first source
heracleninheraclenin: from Chlamydomonas reinhardii; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (R)-isomer
isoxanthohumolisoxanthohumol: structure in first sourceflavanones
lomatinlomatin: isolated from Lomatium nutalli and various Umbelliferae; structure in first sourcecoumarins
2,2'-dihydroxychalcone2,2'-dihydroxychalcone: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source
isoliquiritigeninchalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
cnidilincnidilin: from roots of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan; structure in first sourcepsoralens
curcumincurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.

Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.
aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
auraptenaurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source

auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties.
coumarins;
monoterpenoid
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
gamma-secretase modulator;
gastrointestinal drug;
hepatoprotective agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist;
vulnerary
dieckoldieckol : A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities.

dieckol: found in brown Eisenia and Ecklonia algae, have several pharmacologically beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
oxacycle;
phlorotannin
anticoagulant;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
radical scavenger
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source
byakangelicolbyakangelicol: RN given for (R)-isomer; structure in first sourcepsoralens
n-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorobenzamideN-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorobenzamide: structure in first source
ginkgetinginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.

ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
methoxyflavone;
ring assembly
anti-HSV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
metabolite
gallocatechin-3-gallate(+)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-gallocatechin.

gallocatechin gallate: structure in first source
catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
plant metabolite
quercetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bergaptol5-hydroxyfurocoumarin : A furanocoumarin which bears a hydroxy group at position 5.5-hydroxyfurocoumarin;
psoralens
apigeninChamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
buteinchalcones;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
esculetinesculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.

esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure
hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties

umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.
hydroxycoumarinfluorescent probe;
food component;
plant metabolite
amentoflavonebiflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
cupressuflavonecupressuflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities.

cupressuflavone: from Cupressus macrocarpa; structure in first source
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly
EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
radical scavenger
hinokiflavonehinokiflavone : A biflavonoid that is apigenin substituted by a 4-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenoxy group at position 6. A diflavonyl ether, it is isolated from Rhus succedanea and has been found to possess significant cytotoxic potential.

hinokiflavone: from Rhus succedanea; structure given in first source
aromatic ether;
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
morinmorin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.

morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria)
7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
morusinmorusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.

morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source
extended flavonoid;
trihydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
myricetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
robustaflavonerobustaflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-6 of the chromene ring. Isolated from Thuja orientalis and Rhus succedanea it exhibits antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-hepatitis B activity.

robustaflavone: bis-apigenin coupled at 6 and 3' positions; a potential non-nucleoside anti-hepatitis B agent;
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly
anti-HBV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
sciadopitysinsciadopitysin : A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4', 4'''-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone.

sciadopitysin: biflavonoid from Taxus celebica & Ginkgo biloba
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
methoxyflavone;
ring assembly
bone density conservation agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ellagic acidcatechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol
antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
bilobetinbilobetin: a phospholipase A2 antagonistflavonoid oligomer
7-demethylsuberosin7-demethylsuberosin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 7-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 6 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group. A natural product found in Citropsis articulata.

7-demethylsuberosin: fucocoumarin derivative of Angelicae dahuricae
hydroxycoumarinplant metabolite
8-geranyloxypsoralenterpene lactone
isoginkgetinisoginkgetin : A biflavonoid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation between position 8 of one molecule of 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone and the 3' position of another. Found in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, it is a potent inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).

isoginkgetin: Isolated from Ginkgo biloba; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
biflavonoid
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
osthenolosthenol : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 8 has been replaced by a prenyl group.

osthenol: structure in first source
hydroxycoumarinantifungal agent;
plant metabolite
podocarpusflavone apodocarpusflavone A: isolated from Podocarpus imbricatusflavonoid oligomer
grifolingrifolin: antibiotic isolated from Grifola confluenssesquiterpenoid
bergamottinbergamottin: constituent of bergamot oil; structure given in first sourcefuranocoumarinmetabolite
l 685458L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source

L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
peptide;
secondary alcohol
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
morusinolmorusinol: extracted from Morus alba inhibits arterial thrombosis and modulates platelet activation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease; structure in first sourceflavones
Norartocarpetinflavones
sequoiaflavonesequoiaflavone: Isolated from Ginkgo biloba; structure in first source
w-13
2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone: structure in first source
4-hydroxylonchocarpin4-hydroxylonchocarpin: structure in first source
(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-catechin.flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
metabolite
kmi-420KMI-420: a protease inhibitor; structure in first source
kmi-429KMI-429: a protease inhibitor; structure in first source
bis(7)-tacrinesecondary amino compoundapoptosis inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
memoquinmemoquin: structure in first source
cnidicincnidicin: a coumarin from the root of Angelica koreana; structure in first source
2,4,2',4'-Tetrahydroxychalconechalcones
sargahydroquinoic acidsargahydroquinoic acid: vasodilatator from the brown alga Sargassum macrocarpum; structure in first source
eckstolonoleckstolonol : A phlorotannin that is [1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-a]oxanthrene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6, 9 and 11. Isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.

eckstolonol: structure in first source
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxacycle;
phlorotannin
metabolite;
radical scavenger
sargachromenolsargachromenol: nerve growth factor-potentiating substance from Sargassum macrocarpum; structure in first source
7-phloroeckol7-phloroeckol : A phlorotannin that is eckol in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenoxy group. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.

7-phloroeckol: isolated from Ecklonia cava; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
phlorotannin
antioxidant;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
metabolite
tasiamide btasiamide B: 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid containing peptide from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp.; structure in first source
boeravinone eboeravinone E: from Boerhaavia diffusa L; structure in first source
sesone7-deazaxanthine: structure in first source
2'-methoxykurarinone(2S)-2'-methoxykurarinone : A dimethoxyflavanone that is (2S)-(-)-kurarinone in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. Isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells.

2'-methoxykurarinone: cytotoxic lavandulyl flavanone from Sophora flavescens; structure in first source
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
dimethoxyflavanone
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
gsk188909GSK188909: a potent and selective non-peptidic BACE-1 inhibitor; structure in first source
6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-ethyl-2-purinecarbonitrile6-aminopurines
ly2811376
grassystatin agrassystatin A: isolated from a cyanobacterium, identified as Lyngbya cf.; structure in first source
Kushenol Akushenol A: a tyrosinase inhibitor derived from Sophora flavescensflavanones
kurarinolkurarinol : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4' , a methoxy group at position 5 and a (2S)-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexyl group at position 8 respectively.

kurarinol: from Sophora flavescens; has inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis; structure in first source
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone
anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
leachianone aleachianone A : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a lavandulyl group at position 8, hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens and Sophora leachiana, it exhibits antineoplastic and antimalarial activity.

leachianone A: isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Radix Sophorae; structure in first source
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
azd3839AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source
ly2886721
ass234