Compounds > clostebol
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

clostebol

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Clostebol is an anabolic steroid with a similar structure to testosterone. It is a synthetic derivative of testosterone, which is typically used for medical reasons. Clostebol is known to have androgenic and anabolic effects and is often used for treating conditions like delayed puberty in males and some types of anemia. The synthesis of clostebol typically involves several steps, starting with the modification of testosterone molecules. The effects of clostebol can include muscle growth, increased red blood cell production, and enhanced protein synthesis. Clostebol is studied to understand its effects on muscle growth, its potential applications in medicine, and its role in sports doping.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID68947
CHEMBL ID2106571
CHEBI ID135372
SCHEMBL ID146712
MeSH IDM0206366

Synonyms (26)

Synonym
4-chlorotestosterone
4-chloro-17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one
LMST02020019
clostebol (inn)
D07731
1093-58-9
clostebol
DB01521
(8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17s)-4-chloro-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
dtxsid5046192 ,
tox21_111857
cas-1093-58-9
dtxcid3026192
CHEMBL2106571
clostebolum [inn-latin]
clostebol [inn]
z7d4g976sh ,
einecs 214-133-9
clostebolum
unii-z7d4g976sh
4-chlor-testosteron
SCHEMBL146712
clostebol [mi]
clostebol [who-dd]
CHEBI:135372
Q422322

Research Excerpts

Overview

Clostebol is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid. It has potential use as a performance-enhancing drug if taken for long periods.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Clostebol is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid, with potential use as a performance-enhancing drug if taken for long periods in order to produce the desired effect. "( Hair analysis can provide additional information in doping and forensic cases involving clostebol.
Alladio, E; Di Corcia, D; Gerace, E; Kintz, P; Salomone, A; Vincenti, M, 2019)		2.18

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
androgenA sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
3-hydroxy steroidAny hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (8)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.85540.000811.382244.6684AID686978
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.09280.000221.22318,912.5098AID743036; AID743040; AID743042; AID743053; AID743054
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.93010.000214.376460.0339AID720692
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346985
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.88970.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075; AID743077; AID743079; AID743080
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.01190.001723.839378.1014AID743083
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.01789.637444.6684AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency16.08340.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (3)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (13)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's4 (30.77)18.2507
2000's1 (7.69)29.6817
2010's5 (38.46)24.3611
2020's3 (23.08)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 82.87

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index82.87 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.71 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.40 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index138.95 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index1.99 (0.95)

This Compound (82.87)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (7.14%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other13 (92.86%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.4110sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
norethandrolone
Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.		1.9910corticosteroid hormone
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		7.411017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.081017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		2.4110organic molecular entity
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.0810alkane
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.0810alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.4820aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
epitestosterone
Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.		2.081017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen antagonist;
human metabolite
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		2.411017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
boldenone
boldenone: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer. boldenone : An 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid
ethylestrenol
Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.		1.991017beta-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.4110benzenes;
phenyl acetates
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0810