Page last updated: 2024-10-24
stereocilium bundle
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A bundle of cross-linked stereocilia, arranged around a kinocilium on the apical surface of a sensory hair cell (e.g. a neuromast, auditory or vestibular hair cell). Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes. [GOC:ecd, PMID:15661519, PMID:7840137]
Stereocilia bundles are complex structures found in the hair cells of the inner ear, responsible for the transduction of sound waves into electrical signals. They are composed of tightly packed, actin-filled, finger-like projections that extend from the apical surface of hair cells. The bundle consists of multiple rows of stereocilia, arranged in a staircase-like fashion, with the tallest row at the edge of the bundle. Each stereocilium is a cylindrical structure, composed of a core of actin filaments that are cross-linked by various proteins, including fimbrin, espin, and fascin. These proteins provide structural support and rigidity to the stereocilium. The actin filaments are further bundled and aligned by the protein myosin-XV, which acts as a molecular motor, transporting actin monomers to the tip of the stereocilium. The tip of each stereocilium is connected to the tip of its adjacent neighbor by a specialized structure called a "tip link." The tip link is composed of two proteins, cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15, which are linked together by a protein called the "tip-link linker protein." These tip links play a crucial role in mechanotransduction, the process by which sound waves are converted into electrical signals. When sound waves reach the hair cell, they cause the stereocilia to bend. This bending stretches the tip links, which opens ion channels at the tip of the stereocilia. The opening of these channels allows potassium ions to flow into the hair cell, depolarizing the cell and generating an electrical signal. This signal is then transmitted to the brain, where it is interpreted as sound.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 | An indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P14902] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 | A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:HJD, UniProtKB:O75762] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (172)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-vinylguaiacol | 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group. 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol: a germination inhibitor; also an odorant in green tea; structure in first source | phenols | flavouring agent; pheromone; plant metabolite |
| 3-methylcatechol | 3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol: structure in first source 3-methylcatechol : A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples. dihydroxytoluene : Any hydroxytoluene that has two hydroxy substituents | methylcatechol | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| indole | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite | |
| tryptamine | aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite | |
| menthol | Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| oxyquinoline | Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes. | monohydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator |
| benzyl isothiocyanate | benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma | benzenes; isothiocyanate | antibacterial drug |
| bay h 4502 | 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections. | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
| cannabinol | Cannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L. | dibenzopyran | |
| diclofenac | diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt. | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| dichlorophen | Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.) | bridged diphenyl fungicide; diarylmethane | |
| benzophenone | benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | benzophenones | photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| disulfiram | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor | |
| ebselen | ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger |
| econazole | 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| flufenamic acid | flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16) | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| phenelzine | Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | primary amine | |
| iodoacetamide | |||
| isoconazole | 1-{2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1. isoconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-isoconazole. A broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of dermatomycoses. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| juglone | juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. juglone: structure | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator |
| ketoconazole | 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| beta-lapachone | beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| mefenamic acid | mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| vitamin k 3 | Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| miconazole | 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| masoprocol | nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid | 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist | nitrobenzoic acid | |
| probenecid | probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy. | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| sulconazole | 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections. sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source | dichlorobenzene; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; organic sulfide | |
| mitomycin | mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis. | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| allyl isothiocyanate | allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi. allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure | alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite |
| tryptophan | tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals. | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan; tryptophan zwitterion | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lawsone | lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis. lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye | ||
| thymol | thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent. | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid | 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | naphthoic acid | |
| benzotriazole | benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring. benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid | benzotriazoles | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| benzothiazole | benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. benzothiazole: structure | benzothiazoles | environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| 2-chlorophenol | chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms. | 2-halophenol; monochlorophenol | |
| benzyl bromide | benzyl bromide : A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine. benzyl bromide: structure given in first source | benzyl bromides | lachrymator |
| phenylhydrazine | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic | |
| phenylhydroxylamine | N-phenylhydroxylamine : An N-substituted amine that is a derivative of aniline in which one of the amino hydrogen atoms is replaced with a hydroxy substituent. phenylhydroxylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | N-substituted amine | |
| 4-aminodiphenylamine | 4-aminodiphenylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd p-aminodiphenylamine : An aromatic amine that is the 4-amino derivative of diphenylamine. | aromatic amine; secondary amino compound | allergen |
| ethyl bromoacetate | |||
| 4-chloroaniline | 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group. 4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | chloroaniline; monochlorobenzenes | |
| acrolein | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin | |
| dichlone | dichlone: structure | ||
| dibenzothiazyl disulfide | dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry. dibenzothiazyl disulfide: vulcanizing accelerant | benzothiazoles; organic disulfide | allergen |
| 1,4-naphthoquinone | 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties. naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene. | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine | |||
| indazoles | Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | indazole | |
| 4-methylcatechol | methylcatechol | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; hapten; human metabolite; plant metabolite | |
| plumbagin | plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols | anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite |
| 9-fluorenone | fluoren-9-one : The simplest member of the class fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9. | fluoren-9-ones | fungal xenobiotic metabolite |
| benzohydroxamic acid | |||
| carvacrol | carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols | agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component |
| 1,2-naphthoquinone | 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles. naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source | 1,2-naphthoquinones | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
| 2,3-dimethylphenol | |||
| benzylhydrazine | benzylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| 1,4-naphthohydroquinone | naphthohydroquinone : A hydroxynaphthalene that is naphthalene-1,4-diol and its C-substituted derivatives. | naphthalenediol; naphthohydroquinone | |
| toluene 2,4-diisocyanate | toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring. Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers. | toluene meta-diisocyanate | allergen; hapten |
| allyl sulfide | allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1 | organic sulfide | |
| bromoacetone | bromoacetone : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetone in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a bromine atom. A poweful lachrymator, it was formerly used as a chemical weapon. | alpha-bromoketone | lachrymator |
| 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole | |||
| 3-phenylpyridine | |||
| dronabinol | Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| diallyl trisulfide | organic trisulfide | anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; estrogen receptor antagonist; insecticide; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent | |
| perillaldehyde | perillaldehyde: from oil of Perillae herba; has neuropharmacological actions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6956 perillyl aldehyde : An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | aldehyde; olefinic compound | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; volatile oil component |
| diallyl disulfide | diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium. diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil | organic disulfide | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| menthol | (-)-menthol : A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer. (+-)-menthol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-menthol. Both (+-)- and (-)-menthol are used to relieve symptoms of conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis. When applied to the skin, menthol dilates the blood vessels, giving a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect that relieves itching. It is therefore used in creams and ointments for the relief of pruritis and urticaria. | p-menthan-3-ol | antipruritic drug; antispasmodic drug; antitussive |
| phenethyl isothiocyanate | phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties. phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma | isothiocyanate | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite |
| 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone : A naphthoquinone that is naphthalene-1,4-dione substituted by a methoxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis. 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone: isolated from Swertia calycina; structure in first source | 1,4-naphthoquinones; enol ether | antimicrobial agent; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| o-chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile | o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile: A riot control agent which causes temporary irritation of the eyes and the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract. It is a more potent irritant than OMEGA-CHLOROACETOPHENONE, but less incapacitating. | organochlorine compound | |
| chlordantoin | chlordantoin: structure | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
| 6,7-Dimethyl-9-(2-acetoxyethyl)isoalloxazine | flavin | ||
| cannabichromene | 1-benzopyran | ||
| 1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-1h-imidazole | 1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; principal transformation product of imazalil | ||
| enilconazole | 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches. enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| isovelleral | isovelleral: structure given in first source | aldehyde | |
| phenthiazamine | phenthiazamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| chaetochromin | chaetochromin: from Chaetomium spp.; RN given refers to chaetochromin A | ||
| iberverin | |||
| 4-ethylguaiacol | 4-ethylguaiacol: a constituent of wood creosote; suppresses intestinal smooth muscle contraction | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| norharman | beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring. norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd | beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent | fungal metabolite; marine metabolite |
| allicin | botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide | antibacterial agent | |
| sertaconazole | 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1. sertaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sertaconazole. A broad spectrum antifungal with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of various skin infections. | 1-benzothiophenes; dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| 4-chlorophenethylamine | 4-chlorophenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| harmol | harmol: harmol is oxidized form of alkaloid harmolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | harmala alkaloid | |
| perilla ketone | perilla ketone: potent lung toxin from Perilla frutescens; structure | aromatic ketone | |
| 4(5)-phenylimidazole | 4(5)-phenylimidazole: tautomeric cpd; cytochrome P450 14alpha-sterol demethylase, CYP51 antagonist | ||
| 4-ethylcatechol | 4-ethylcatechol: structure in first source | catechols | |
| polygodial | aldehyde | ||
| alpha-lapachone | alpha-lapachone: structure in first source | organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound | |
| xyloidone | |||
| voacamine | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite | |
| chrysomycin a | chrysomycin A: Streptomyces arenae; differs only in sugar moiety from gilvocarcin V | glycoside | |
| tryptanthrine | tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai | alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| fluoren-9-ol | fluoren-9-ol : A member of the class of hydroxyfluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9 (the non-aromatic carbon). | hydroxyfluorenes; secondary alcohol | animal metabolite |
| 2-phenylisatogen | 2-phenylisatogen: inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation; structure | ||
| 4-nitrobenzyloxyamine | 4-nitrobenzyloxyamine: RN given refers to HCl; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 8/1/83; structure given in first source | ||
| 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol | 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol: sensitive indicator for metals | ||
| erucin | isothiocyanate | ||
| nicotine | (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| beta-eudesmol | beta-eudesmol : A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer). beta-eudesmol: found in Atractylodes and other plants; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta))-isomer | carbobicyclic compound; eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| (6ar-trans)-isomer of tetrahydrocannabivarin 9 | |||
| 1-methyltryptophan | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tryptophan derivative | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor | |
| 2-phenylindolone | |||
| benzyloxyamine | benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| 4-hydroxycarbazole | 4-hydroxycarbazole: structure in first source | ||
| cinnabarinic acid | cinnabarinic acid: structure | phenoxazine | |
| celastrol | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite | |
| camphora | (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor. camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris | camphor | |
| cryptotanshinone | cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate | 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate: found in white mustard; structure in first source | phenols | |
| ag 3-5 | icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8 | C-nitro compound | |
| tanshinone ii a | tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source | abietane diterpenoid | |
| 6-methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate | 1-isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfanyl)hexane : A isothiocyanate that is hexane in which two of the terminal methyl hydrogens at positions 1 and 6 have been replaced by isothiocyanato and methylsulfanyl groups. 6-methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate: isolated from Wasabia japonica (wasabi) | isothiocyanate; methyl sulfide | antineoplastic agent; Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| dihydroresveratrol | dihydroresveratrol : A stilbenol that is 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4'. dihydroresveratrol: structure in first source | stilbenol | plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| nsc 36398 | NSC 36398: structure in first source | ||
| Porfiromycine | mitomycin | ||
| 6,11-dioxo-12-naphtho[2,3-b]indolizinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | naphthalenes | ||
| nsc228155 | |||
| 3-(1h-indol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione: structure in first source | ||
| indoximod | |||
| 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline | 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline: structure in first source | ||
| 5-hydroxytryptophan | 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan. hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. | 5-hydroxytryptophan; amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-L-tryptophan; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| resveratrol | trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| 2-butenal | crotonaldehyde : An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position. | enal | |
| benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde | benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative. | amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide | proteasome inhibitor |
| 2-(3-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-one | organofluorine compound | ||
| tenatoprazole | Tenatoprazole: structure in first source | imidazopyridine | |
| cinnamaldehyde | (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer. | 3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes | antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent |
| butylidenephthalide | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone | EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite | |
| 1-methyltryptophan | 1-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan carrying a single methyl substituent at position 1 on the indole. 1-methyltryptophan: an immunomodulator | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| captax | 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol : 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group. captax: RN given refers to parent cpd | aryl thiol; benzothiazoles | carcinogenic agent; metabolite |
| 4-(3-chlorophenyl)thiosemicarbazide | 4-(3-chlorophenyl)thiosemicarbazide: structure given in first source | ||
| N-(2-chlorophenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide | organochlorine compound | ||
| isoeugenol | trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol. | isoeugenol | plant metabolite |
| hc 030031 | 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker | ||
| urb 597 | cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source | biphenyls | |
| 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)thiourea | thioureas | ||
| methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan | methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| 4-phenyl-3H-thiazole-2-thione | benzenes | ||
| brassinin | dithiocarbamic ester; indole phytoalexin | ||
| ethyl 4-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazol-2-yl)benzoate | organic molecular entity | ||
| prostaglandin a2 | prostaglandin A2: RN given refers to (5Z,13E,15S)-isomer | prostaglandins A | human metabolite |
| prostaglandin a1 | prostaglandins A | ||
| tranilast | tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent |
| 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2 | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions | prostaglandins J | electrophilic reagent; insulin-sensitizing drug; metabolite |
| cannabigerol | cannabigerol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species. cannabigerol: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source | phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antioxidant; appetite enhancer; cannabinoid receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| ligustilide | ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source | butenolide | metabolite |
| 4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid | 4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid: phospholipase A2 inhibitor N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor. | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide | EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; TRP channel blocker |
| farnesylthioacetic acid | farnesylthioacetic acid: a competitive inhibitor of isoprenylated protein methyltransferase; structure in first source | ||
| oxiconazole | oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections. oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source | conazole antifungal drug; dichlorobenzene; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; oxime O-ether | antiinfective agent |
| 2-pentenal | (E)-2-pentenal : A 2-pentenal in which the double bond has (E)-configuration. It is found in cigarette smoke, virgin olive oil, and milk. 2-pentenal : An enal consisting of pent-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position 2-pentenal: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2-pentenal | plant metabolite |
| catharanthine | alkaloid ester; bridged compound; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | ||
| s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid | farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source | sesquiterpenoid | |
| 4-oxo-2-nonenal | (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4. 4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source | enal; enone | human metabolite |
| borneol | borneol | ||
| 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-oxime | 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-oxime: a TRPA1 antagonist | ||
| n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide | N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source | piperazines; pyridines | |
| 680c91 | 680C91 : A fluoroindole that is 6-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl group (trans configuration). It is a selective inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which directs the conversion of trypophan to kynurenin. | fluoroindole; olefinic compound; pyridines | EC 1.13.11.11 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor |
| arachidonoylserotonin | arachidonoylserotonin: an NSAID with antinociceptive activity; fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source N-arachidonoylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the primary amino group of serotonin. | N-acylserotonin; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; capsaicin receptor antagonist; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; human metabolite; signalling molecule |
| methylphenidate | N-phenyl-4-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| cannabidivarin | cannabidivarin: from Cannabis sativa | monoterpenoid | |
| a-438079 | |||
| beta-3-oxindolylalanine | beta-3-oxindolylalanine: main intermediate in tryptophan degration occurring in acid hydrolysis of protein | ||
| trans-avicennol | trans-avicennol: from Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium; structure in first source | ||
| 8-iso-prostaglandin a2 | 8-isoprostaglandin A2: a cyclopentenone isoprostane | prostanoid | |
| a 967079 | A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| voacristine | voacristine: indole alkaloid from leaves of Ervatamia coronaria; RN given for 20(S)-isomer; structure given in first source | ||
| miogadial | miogadial: responsible for hot taste of myoga, Zingiber mioga; structure in first source | ||
| stf 083010 | STF 083010: inhibits Ire1 endonuclease; structure in first source |