erionite profile

Erionite is a naturally occurring fibrous zeolite mineral that is highly carcinogenic. It is commonly found in volcanic and hydrothermal environments. Erionite has been linked to mesothelioma, a type of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs and abdomen. Its fibrous structure, similar to asbestos, is believed to be responsible for its carcinogenic properties. The fibrous nature of erionite allows it to easily penetrate the respiratory system, where it can cause inflammation and cell damage. Erionite is studied extensively due to its association with mesothelioma, particularly in areas where erionite-containing dust is prevalent. The research aims to understand the mechanisms by which erionite causes cancer, develop methods for detecting erionite exposure, and find ways to mitigate the health risks associated with this mineral.'

erionite: erionite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN given is for cpd with unknown MF [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	61565
MeSH ID	M0221374

Synonym
erionite
12510-42-8
erionite ((k0-1na0-1ca0-0.5)10(al10si26o72).30h2o)
hsdb 7765
Q26841277

Research Excerpts

Overview

Erionite is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen. It is considered today similar to or even more carcinogenic than the six regulated asbestos minerals. Erionites are found in many parts of the world, including the western United States.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Erionite is a non-asbestos fibrous zeolite classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen and is considered today similar to or even more carcinogenic than the six regulated asbestos minerals. "	( The crystal structure of the killer fibre erionite from Tuzköy (Cappadocia, Turkey). Ballirano, P; Di Giuseppe, D; Fornasini, L; Giacobbe, C; Giannini, C; Gualtieri, AF; Malferrari, D; Mattioli, M; Moliterni, A; Mugnaioli, E; Raneri, S; Wright, JP, 2023)	2.62
"Erionite is a zeolite representing a well-known health hazard. "	( Geological occurrence, mineralogical characterization, and risk assessment of potentially carcinogenic erionite in Italy. Ballirano, P; Boscardin, M; Cenni, M; Giordani, M; Mattioli, M; Pacella, A; Valentini, L, 2017)	2.11
"Erionite is a naturally occurring fibrous mineral found in many parts of the world, including the western United States. "	( Assessing occupational erionite and respirable crystalline silica exposure among outdoor workers in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana. Beaucham, C; Dozier, A; Feldmann, K; Harper, M; King, B, 2018)	2.23
"Erionite is a fibrous zeolite, morphologically similar to asbestos and it is assumed to be even more carcinogenic."	( Erionite and asbestos differently cause transformation of human mesothelial cells. Barbone, D; Bertino, P; Bruni, BM; Dogan, AU; Gaudino, G; Germano, S; Marconi, A; Mutti, L; Palumbo, L; Porta, C; Tassi, GF, 2007)	2.5
"Erionite is a human and animal carcinogen and one of the most toxic minerals known. "	( Erionite series minerals: mineralogical and carcinogenic properties. Dogan, AU; Dogan, M; Hoskins, JA, 2008)	3.23
"Erionite is a zeolite mineral of volcanic origin which contains no asbestos. "	( [Erionite-induced pleural plaques. Exposition to urban pollution in a female Turkish migrant in Germany]. Gräsel, B; Kaya, A; Kuntz, C; Rauber, K; Stahl, U, 2008)	2.7

Effects

Erionite has a higher potency in the lung than asbestos. familial clustering of malignant mesothelioma suggests a genetic predisposition to this cancer among affected individuals.

Erionite has similar chemical and physical properties to amphibole asbestos, which induces autoantibodies in mice. Erionite deposits have been reported in many countries; however, it is only in the area of three villages of Cappadocia, Turkey, that environmental exposure to erionite was demonstrated to be the cause of an epidemic of mesothelioma.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Erionite has a higher degree of carcinogenicity with possible genetic transmission of erionite susceptibility in an autosomal dominant fashion."	( Clinical and prognostic features of erionite-induced malignant mesothelioma. Demirer, E; Elamin, EM; Ghattas, CF; Radwan, MO, 2015)	1.41
"Erionite has a higher potency in the lung than asbestos and familial clustering of malignant mesothelioma suggests a genetic predisposition to this cancer among affected individuals."	( Malignant pleural mesothelioma in Turkey, 2000-2002. Demir, AU; Emri, S, 2004)	1.04
"Erionite has similar chemical and physical properties to amphibole asbestos, which induces autoantibodies in mice. "	( Erionite induces production of autoantibodies and IL-17 in C57BL/6 mice. Davis, C; Ng, KW; Peña, C; Pfau, JC; Zebedeo, CN, 2014)	3.29
"Erionite has been the culprit of numerous malignant mesothelioma cases in Europe and even in North America."	( Clinical and prognostic features of erionite-induced malignant mesothelioma. Demirer, E; Elamin, EM; Ghattas, CF; Radwan, MO, 2015)	1.41
"Erionite has emerged as the most important example of nonasbestos-mediated cause of mesothelioma in regions such as Turkey where exposure to this type of fiber is highly prevalent. "	( Mesothelioma not associated with asbestos exposure. Gibbs, A; Jasani, B, 2012)	1.82
"Erionite has a higher potency in the lung than asbestos and familial clustering of malignant mesothelioma suggests a genetic predisposition to this cancer among affected individuals."	( Malignant pleural mesothelioma in Turkey, 2000-2002. Demir, AU; Emri, S, 2004)	1.04
"Erionite deposits have been reported in many countries; however, it is only in the area of three villages of Cappadocia, Turkey, that environmental exposure to erionite has been demonstrated to be the cause of an epidemic of the disease mesothelioma."	( Erionite series minerals: mineralogical and carcinogenic properties. Dogan, AU; Dogan, M; Hoskins, JA, 2008)	2.51

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The toxic action of fibrous erionite on M0-THP-1 cells is manifested since the early steps (2 h) of the experiment while the cytotoxicity of crocidolite and chrysotile gradually increases during the time span of the experiment."	( Acute cytotoxicity of mineral fibres observed by time-lapse video microscopy. Alessandrini, A; Almonti, V; Avallone, R; Bassi, AM; Di Giuseppe, D; Filaferro, M; Gualtieri, AF; Mescola, A; Mirata, S; Ragazzini, G; Scarfì, S; Scognamiglio, V; Vitale, G, 2022)	1.01

Dosage Studied

Excessive fibre burden and fibre aggregation during injection that especially for chrysotile would likely not represent what humans would be exposed to. Conversely, erionite was mutagenic in a dose-response manner at concentrations greater than 6 microg/cm(2)

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" However, since epidemiological studies are difficult to perform in Turkey, the incidence and the dose-response curve have not been thoroughly examined."	( Malignant mesothelioma due to environmental exposure to erionite: follow-up of a Turkish emigrant cohort. Hillerdal, G; Metintas, M; Metintas, S, 1999)	0.55
" Conversely, erionite was mutagenic in a dose-response manner at concentrations greater than 6 microg/cm(2) and the mutagenic potential of erionite was significantly enhanced by the addition of ferrous ions."	( The effect of iron on the biological activities of erionite and mordenite. Dutta, PK; Fach, E; Kristovich, R; Long, JF; Waldman, WJ; Williams, MV, 2003)	0.94
" Due to unequal dosing based on number of fibres per mass for chrysotile with respect to crocidolite and erionite, excessive fibre burden and fibre aggregation during injection that especially for chrysotile would likely not represent what humans would be exposed to, caution must be taken in extrapolating our results based on instillation in experimental animals to human inhalation."	( Assessment of asbestos body formation by high resolution FEG-SEM after exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to chrysotile, crocidolite, or erionite. Belpoggi, F; Gandolfi, NB; Gualtieri, AF; Pollastri, S; Tibaldi, E, 2016)	0.85

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	14 (17.07)	18.2507
2000's	30 (36.59)	29.6817
2010's	34 (41.46)	24.3611
2020's	4 (4.88)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	12 (13.95%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (1.16%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	73 (84.88%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.27	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.15	1	quaternary ammonium ion
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	1.98	1	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.07	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2	1
chrysotile Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)	4.85	10
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.73	3	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.42	2
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.07	1	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	2.15	1	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	2.08	1
zeolites [no description available]	8.98	82
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	2	1	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
asbestos, crocidolite Asbestos, Crocidolite: A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos.	3.75	10
tremolite tremolite: see also actinolite; structure	4.53	7
mordenite [no description available]	7.71	3

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.83	40
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	5.09	6
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	5.19	7
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	5.19	7
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.17	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.17	1
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	3.64	3
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	7.03	22
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	3.64	3
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.52	2
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.76	3
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	3.03	1
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	5.23	8
Diathesis [description not available]	2.06	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.43	2
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	3.66	3
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	2.06	1
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	2.94	4
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	2.06	1
Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).	3.82	2
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	3.82	2
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.63	3
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.63	3
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.02	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.02	1
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.41	2
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.41	2
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.04	1
Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.	2.7	3
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.04	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.04	1
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2.42	2
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.04	1
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	1.98	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	1.99	1
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	1.99	1
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.4	2
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	1.99	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	1.99	1
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	1.99	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	7.4	2
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	1.99	1
Chylopericardium [description not available]	2	1
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	2	1
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	2	1
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	2	1
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	2	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.92	1
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.92	1
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	2.92	1

erionite

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (5)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (82)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 51.62

Study Types

erionite

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (5)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (82)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 51.62

Study Types

Related Drugs (16)

Related Conditions (50)