Target type: cellularcomponent
The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol. [GOC:mtg_sensu]
The cytosolic large ribosomal subunit is a complex macromolecular assembly responsible for protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It consists of numerous proteins and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) organized into a highly intricate structure. The large subunit is responsible for the peptidyl transferase activity, which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis. It also plays a role in the decoding of mRNA and the translocation of tRNA molecules during translation. The large subunit is composed of three major structural domains:
1. **The peptidyl transferase center (PTC):** Located in the central region of the large subunit, the PTC is the catalytic site for peptide bond formation. It is composed of a highly conserved region of rRNA that interacts with the 3' end of tRNA molecules and facilitates the transfer of the growing polypeptide chain from one tRNA to another.
2. **The decoding center:** Located near the PTC, the decoding center is responsible for recognizing the correct tRNA molecule based on the mRNA codon. It interacts with the anticodon loop of tRNA and ensures that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain.
3. **The GTPase-associated center (GAC):** Located near the decoding center, the GAC is involved in the binding and hydrolysis of GTP, which provides energy for ribosome translocation. It interacts with various translation factors that regulate ribosome movement along the mRNA.
These domains are interconnected and work in concert to ensure accurate and efficient protein synthesis. The cytosolic large ribosomal subunit is a highly dynamic structure that undergoes conformational changes throughout the translation process. These changes are essential for the proper function of the ribosome and are regulated by interactions with various translation factors.
**In addition to these core structural domains, the cytosolic large ribosomal subunit contains several other functional elements:**
* **Binding sites for tRNA:** The large subunit contains binding sites for three tRNA molecules: the A site, the P site, and the E site. The A site binds the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA, the P site binds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain, and the E site binds the deacylated tRNA before it is released from the ribosome.
* **Binding site for mRNA:** The large subunit contains a binding site for mRNA, which interacts with the small ribosomal subunit to ensure accurate translation of the genetic code.
* **Binding sites for translation factors:** The large subunit contains binding sites for various translation factors, including elongation factors, termination factors, and ribosome recycling factors. These factors regulate the different stages of translation, including initiation, elongation, and termination.
**Overall, the cytosolic large ribosomal subunit is a complex and essential cellular machine that plays a central role in protein synthesis. Its intricate structure and diverse functional elements ensure accurate and efficient translation of the genetic code, which is crucial for all cellular processes.**'"
Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
50S ribosomal protein L25 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL25 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P68919] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L5 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL5 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62399] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L22 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61175] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L4 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P60723] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L24 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL24 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P60624] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L3 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P60438] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L2 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL2 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P60422] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L18 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL18 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0C018] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L6 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL6 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AG55] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L30 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AG51] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L21 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL21 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AG48] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L17 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL17 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AG44] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L23 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL23 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0ADZ0] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L16 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0ADY7] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L14 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL14 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0ADY3] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L13 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AA10] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L36 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL36A that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7Q6] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L35 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL35 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7Q1] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L34 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL34 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7P5] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L33 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL33 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7N9] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L32 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL32 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7N4] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL31B that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7N1] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L31 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL31 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7M9] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L29 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL29 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7M6] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L28 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL28 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7M2] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L27 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL27 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7L8] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L20 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL20 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7L3] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L1 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL1 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7L0] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L19 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL19 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7K6] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 | A large ribosomal subunit protein bL12 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7K2] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L11 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL11 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7J7] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L10 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL10 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0A7J3] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
50S ribosomal protein L15 | A large ribosomal subunit protein uL15 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P02413] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
60S ribosomal protein L36 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL36 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y3U8] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L18 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL18 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q07020] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L6 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q02878] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L18a | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL20 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q02543] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L19 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL19 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P84098] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L36a | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL42 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P83881] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L24 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL24 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P83731] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L38 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL38 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P63173] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L41 | A small ribosomal subunit protein eS32 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62945] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L8 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62917] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L11 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62913] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L32 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL32 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62910] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L10a | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62906] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L31 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL31 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62899] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L39 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL39 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62891] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L30 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL30 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62888] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L23 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL14 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62829] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L23a | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL23 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62750] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L7a | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62424] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L37 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL37 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61927] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L37a | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL43 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61513] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L27 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL27 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61353] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L15 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL15 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61313] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L26 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL24 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P61254] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L14 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL14 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50914] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L34 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL34 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P49207] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L29 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL29 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47914] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L28 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL28 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P46779] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L21 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL21 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P46778] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L5 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL18 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P46777] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L27a | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL15 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P46776] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L35 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL29 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P42766] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L13a | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40429] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L3 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P39023] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L4 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P36578] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L22 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL22 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P35268] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L9 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P32969] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L12 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL11 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30050] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L10 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P27635] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L13 | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL13 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P26373] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L17 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18621] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L7 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18124] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S ribosomal protein L35a | A large ribosomal subunit protein eL33 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18077] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 | A eukaryotic-type large ribosomal subunit protein uL10 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05388] | Homo sapiens (human) |
60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 | A large ribosomal subunit protein P1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05386] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
chloramphenicol | Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
framycetin | framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
erythromycin | erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus). erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
neamine | neamine : 2-Deoxy-D-streptamine glycosylated at the 4-oxygen with a 6-amino-alpha-D-glucosaminyl group. neamine: fragment of NEOMYCIN B; structure in first source | 2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucoside; aminoglycoside | antibacterial agent |
florfenicol | florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture. florfenicol: structure given in first source | organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent |
antibiotic g 418 | antibiotic G 418: from Micromonospora rhodorangea | ||
paromomycin | paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES. | amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
puromycin | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor | |
netilmicin | Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | ||
linezolid | acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone | antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor | |
zithromax | azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
tiamulin | tiamulin : A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae. tiamulin: 81723 HFU and tiamutin are for fumarate salt; prevents senescence in ascomycete; pleuromutilin derivative; RN given refers to ((3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,5alpha,6alpha,8beta,9alpha,9abeta,10S*))-isomer | carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide; secondary alcohol; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary amino compound; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antibacterial drug |
hmr 3647 | |||
josamycin | acetate ester; aldehyde; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; macrolide antibiotic; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antibacterial drug; metabolite | |
albocycline | albocycline: macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces bruneogriseus nov. sp. MCRL-0129; specifically anti-staphylococcal, including antibiotic-resistant strains; structure | macrolide | |
evernimicin | |||
gentamicin sulfate | |||
gentamicin sulfate | |||
pristinamycin iib | virginiamycin M2: structure in first source | ||
cem 101 | solithromycin: an antibacterial fluoroketolide; structure in first source | ||
tetracycline | tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis. | ||
eravacycline | eravacycline: has antibacterial activity | tetracyclines | |
PF-06446846 | PF-06446846 : A triazolopyridine that is 3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine substituted by a 4-{(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl}phenyl group at position 3. It is a potent inhibitor of PCSK9. PF-06446846: inhibits translation of PCSK9 ;structure in first source | benzamides; monochloropyridine; piperidines; tertiary carboxamide; triazolopyridine | antilipemic drug; EC 3.4.21.61 (kexin) inhibitor |