Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Signaling by WNT

Proteins (147)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2DLysine N-methyltransferase 2D; EC 2.1.1.354; ALL1-related protein; Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 betaPIP5K1-beta; PtdIns(4)P-5-kinase 1 beta; EC 2.7.1.68; Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type I beta; PIP5KIbeta; Protein STM-7; Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase betaHomo sapiens (human)
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6LRP-6Homo sapiens (human)
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1EC 2.3.2.27; EC 2.3.2.32; E3 ubiquitin-protein transferase RBX1; Protein ZYP; RING finger protein 75; RING-box protein 1; Rbx1; Regulator of cullins 1; ROC1Homo sapiens (human)
CXXC-type zinc finger protein 4Inhibition of the Dvl and axin complex proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Protein kinase C beta typePKC-B; PKC-beta; EC 2.7.11.13Homo sapiens (human)
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alphaGMP-PDE alpha; EC 3.1.4.35; PDE V-B1Homo sapiens (human)
Protein kinase C alpha typePKC-A; PKC-alpha; EC 2.7.11.13Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-9EC 3.4.25.1; Low molecular mass protein 2; Macropain chain 7; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex chain 7; Proteasome chain 7; Proteasome subunit beta-1i; Really interesting new gene 12 proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Casein kinase I isoform epsilonCKI-epsilon; CKIe; EC 2.7.11.1Homo sapiens (human)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaGSK-3 beta; EC 2.7.11.26; Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3B; 2.7.11.1Homo sapiens (human)
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAPEC 2.3.2.27; Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4; IAP-like protein; ILP; hILP; Inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3; IAP-3; hIAP-3; hIAP3; RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase XIAP; X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; X-linked IAPHomo sapiens (human)
Histone deacetylase 1HD1; EC 3.5.1.98Homo sapiens (human)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alphaCaM kinase II subunit alpha; CaMK-II subunit alpha; EC 2.7.11.17Homo sapiens (human)
Calcineurin subunit B type 1Protein phosphatase 2B regulatory subunit 1; Protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B alpha isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)
SclerostinHomo sapiens (human)
Beta-catenin-interacting protein 1Inhibitor of beta-catenin and Tcf-4Homo sapiens (human)
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 NF-ATc1; NFATc1; NFAT transcription complex cytosolic component; NF-ATc; NFATcHomo sapiens (human)
Telomerase reverse transcriptaseEC 2.7.7.49; HEST2; Telomerase catalytic subunit; Telomerase-associated protein 2; TP2Homo sapiens (human)
Axin-1Axis inhibition protein 1; hAxinHomo sapiens (human)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7EC 2.7.11.25; Transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Protein kinase C gamma typePKC-gamma; EC 2.7.11.13Homo sapiens (human)
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gammaGMP-PDE gamma; EC 3.1.4.35Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-1Macropain subunit C5; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C5; Proteasome component C5; Proteasome gamma chainHomo sapiens (human)
Casein kinase I isoform alphaCKI-alpha; EC 2.7.11.1; CK1Homo sapiens (human)
Protein Wnt-3aHomo sapiens (human)
Casein kinase II subunit betaCK II beta; Phosvitin; Protein G5aHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2cGK 2; cGK2; EC 2.7.11.12; cGMP-dependent protein kinase II; cGKIIHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 cGK 1; cGK1; EC 2.7.11.12; cGMP-dependent protein kinase I; cGKIHomo sapiens (human)
Protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase porcupineEC 2.3.1.250; Protein MG61Homo sapiens (human)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase NLKEC 2.7.11.24; Nemo-like kinase; Protein LAK1Homo sapiens (human)
Caveolin-1Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome activator complex subunit 311S regulator complex subunit gamma; REG-gamma; Activator of multicatalytic protease subunit 3; Ki nuclear autoantigen; Proteasome activator 28 subunit gamma; PA28g; PA28gammaHomo sapiens (human)
Cullin-1CUL-1Homo sapiens (human)
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1Dishevelled-1; DSH homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2Dishevelled-2; DSH homolog 2Homo sapiens (human)
Exportin-1Exp1; Chromosome region maintenance 1 protein homologHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-3Proteasome chain 13; Proteasome component C10-II; Proteasome theta chainHomo sapiens (human)
Axin-2Axin-like protein; Axil; Axis inhibition protein 2; ConductinHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1026S proteasome regulatory subunit p28; Gankyrin; p28(GANK)Homo sapiens (human)
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8EC 3.4.19.12; Deubiquitinating enzyme 8; Ubiquitin isopeptidase Y; hUBPy; Ubiquitin thioesterase 8; Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 8Homo sapiens (human)
Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2EC 2.7.10.1; Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor-related 2Homo sapiens (human)
C-terminal-binding protein 1CtBP1; EC 1.1.1.-Homo sapiens (human)
Frizzled-5Fz-5; hFz5; FzE5Homo sapiens (human)
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF2hSMURF2; EC 2.3.2.26; HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase SMURF2; SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2; SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Frizzled-4Fz-4; hFz4; FzE4Homo sapiens (human)
Myc proto-oncogene proteinClass E basic helix-loop-helix protein 39; bHLHe39; Proto-oncogene c-Myc; Transcription factor p64Homo sapiens (human)
Calmodulin-1Homo sapiens (human)
Adenomatous polyposis coli proteinProtein APC; Deleted in polyposis 2.5Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-8EC 3.4.25.1; Low molecular mass protein 7; Macropain subunit C13; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C13; Proteasome component C13; Proteasome subunit beta-5i; Really interesting new gene 10 proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-5EC 3.4.25.1; Macropain epsilon chain; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex epsilon chain; Proteasome chain 6; Proteasome epsilon chain; Proteasome subunit MB1; Proteasome subunit XHomo sapiens (human)
Catenin beta-1Beta-cateninHomo sapiens (human)
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit betaGMP-PDE beta; EC 3.1.4.35Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-2Macropain subunit C7-I; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C7-I; Proteasome component C7-IHomo sapiens (human)
Transforming protein RhoAEC 3.6.5.2; Rho cDNA clone 12; h12Homo sapiens (human)
Histone H4Homo sapiens (human)
Casein kinase I isoform gamma-2CKI-gamma 2; EC 2.7.11.1Homo sapiens (human)
Histone acetyltransferase KAT5EC 2.3.1.48; 60 kDa Tat-interactive protein; Tip60; Histone acetyltransferase HTATIP; HIV-1 Tat interactive protein; Lysine acetyltransferase 5; cPLA(2)-interacting proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35hVPS35; Maternal-embryonic 3; Vesicle protein sorting 35Homo sapiens (human)
Clathrin heavy chain 1Clathrin heavy chain on chromosome 17; CLH-17Homo sapiens (human)
Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5RBBP-5; Retinoblastoma-binding protein RBQ-3Homo sapiens (human)
RuvB-like 1EC 3.6.4.12; 49 kDa TATA box-binding protein-interacting protein; 49 kDa TBP-interacting protein; 54 kDa erythrocyte cytosolic protein; ECP-54; INO80 complex subunit H; Nuclear matrix protein 238; NMP 238; Pontin 52; TIP49a; TIP60-associated protein 54-alHomo sapiens (human)
Partitioning defective 6 homolog alphaPAR-6; PAR-6 alpha; PAR-6A; PAR6C; Tax interaction protein 40; TIP-40Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-11EC 3.4.25.1; Proteasome subunit beta-5tHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1126S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S9; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit p44.5Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1226S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit p55Homo sapiens (human)
MeninHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14EC 3.4.19.-; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN11; 26S proteasome-associated PAD1 homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7Proteasome subunit RC6-1; Proteasome subunit XAPC7Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 326S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S3; Proteasome subunit p58Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit RPT5; Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 3; Proteasome subunit P50; Tat-binding protein 1; TBP-1Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha type-130 kDa prosomal protein; PROS-30; Macropain subunit C2; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C2; Proteasome component C2; Proteasome nu chainHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2Macropain subunit C3; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C3; Proteasome component C3Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha type-3Macropain subunit C8; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C8; Proteasome component C8Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha type-4Macropain subunit C9; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C9; Proteasome component C9; Proteasome subunit LHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5Macropain zeta chain; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex zeta chain; Proteasome zeta chainHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-426 kDa prosomal protein; HsBPROS26; PROS-26; Macropain beta chain; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex beta chain; Proteasome beta chain; Proteasome chain 3; HsN3Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-6EC 3.4.25.1; Macropain delta chain; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex delta chain; Proteasome delta chain; Proteasome subunit YHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 726S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit RPT1; Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2; Protein MSS1Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-10EC 3.4.25.1; Low molecular mass protein 10; Macropain subunit MECl-1; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit MECl-1; Proteasome MECl-1; Proteasome subunit beta-2iHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit RPT3; MB67-interacting protein; MIP224; Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 4; Tat-binding protein 7; TBP-7Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 826S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN12; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S14; p31Homo sapiens (human)
Transcription activator BRG1EC 3.6.4.-; ATP-dependent helicase SMARCA4; BRG1-associated factor 190A; BAF190A; Mitotic growth and transcription activator; Protein BRG-1; Protein brahma homolog 1; SNF2-beta; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 726S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN8; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S12; Mov34 protein homolog; Proteasome subunit p40Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 426S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN10; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S5A; Antisecretory factor 1; AF; ASF; Multiubiquitin chain-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome complex subunit SEM126S proteasome complex subunit DSS1; Deleted in split hand/split foot protein 1; Split hand/foot deleted protein 1; Split hand/foot malformation type 1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha type-627 kDa prosomal protein; PROS-27; p27K; Macropain iota chain; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex iota chain; Proteasome iota chainHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4P26s4; 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit RPT2; Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 1Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 826S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit RPT6; Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 5; Proteasome subunit p45; Thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 1; TRIP1; p45/SUGHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit RPT4; Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 6; Proteasome subunit p42Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 226S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S2; 26S proteasome subunit p97; Protein 55.11; Tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor-associated protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 626S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN7; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S10; Breast cancer-associated protein SGA-113M; Phosphonoformate immuno-associated protein 4; Proteasome regulatory particle subunit p44S10; p42AHomo sapiens (human)
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 34EC 3.4.19.12; Deubiquitinating enzyme 34; Ubiquitin thioesterase 34; Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 34Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit alpha-type 8Proteasome alpha 4 subunit; Alpha4s; Proteasome subunit alpha-type 7-likeHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome subunit beta type-7EC 3.4.25.1; Macropain chain Z; Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex chain Z; Proteasome subunit ZHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 126S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S1; 26S proteasome subunit p112Homo sapiens (human)
Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2ASH2-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1326S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN9; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S11; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit p40.5Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein zeta/deltaProtein kinase C inhibitor protein 1; KCIP-1Homo sapiens (human)
S-phase kinase-associated protein 1Cyclin-A/CDK2-associated protein p19; p19A; Organ of Corti protein 2; OCP-2; Organ of Corti protein II; OCP-II; RNA polymerase II elongation factor-like protein; SIII; Transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 1-like; p19skp1Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome activator complex subunit 111S regulator complex subunit alpha; REG-alpha; Activator of multicatalytic protease subunit 1; Interferon gamma up-regulated I-5111 protein; IGUP I-5111; Proteasome activator 28 subunit alpha; PA28a; PA28alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Cullin-3CUL-3Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome activator complex subunit 211S regulator complex subunit beta; REG-beta; Activator of multicatalytic protease subunit 2; Proteasome activator 28 subunit beta; PA28b; PA28betaHomo sapiens (human)
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 5p24 family protein gamma-2; p24gamma2; p28Homo sapiens (human)
AP-2 complex subunit sigmaAdaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit sigma; Adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit sigma; Clathrin assembly protein 2 sigma small chain; Clathrin coat assembly protein AP17; Clathrin coat-associated protein AP17; HA2 17 kDa subunit; Plasma membrane adaHomo sapiens (human)
APC membrane recruitment protein 1Amer1; Protein FAM123B; Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome proteinHomo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 926S proteasome regulatory subunit p27Homo sapiens (human)
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29hVPS29; PEP11 homolog; Vesicle protein sorting 29Homo sapiens (human)
Protein Wnt-5aHomo sapiens (human)
Transducin-like enhancer protein 2Enhancer of split groucho-like protein 2; ESG2Homo sapiens (human)
Transducin-like enhancer protein 3Enhancer of split groucho-like protein 3; ESG3Homo sapiens (human)
Transducin-like enhancer protein 4Grg-4; Groucho-related protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
TLE family member 5Amino-terminal enhancer of split; Amino enhancer of split; Gp130-associated protein GAM; Grg-5; Groucho-related protein 5; Protein ESP1; Protein GRG; TLE family member 5, transcriptional modulatorHomo sapiens (human)
Ubiquitin thioesterase ZRANB1EC 3.4.19.12; TRAF-binding domain-containing protein; hTrabid; Zinc finger Ran-binding domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Transducin-like enhancer protein 1E(Sp1) homolog; Enhancer of split groucho-like protein 1; ESG1Homo sapiens (human)
Profilin-1Epididymis tissue protein Li 184a; Profilin IHomo sapiens (human)
Tyrosine-protein kinase RYKEC 2.7.10.1Homo sapiens (human)
Sorting nexin-3Protein SDP3Homo sapiens (human)
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26AVesicle protein sorting 26A; hVPS26Homo sapiens (human)
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2Transducin alpha-2 chainHomo sapiens (human)
Beta-arrestin-2Arrestin beta-2; Non-visual arrestin-3Homo sapiens (human)
AP-2 complex subunit betaAP105B; Adaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit beta; Adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit beta; Beta-2-adaptin; Beta-adaptin; Clathrin assembly protein complex 2 beta large chain; Plasma membrane adaptor HA2/AP2 adaptin beta subunitHomo sapiens (human)
Runt-related transcription factor 3Acute myeloid leukemia 2 protein; Core-binding factor subunit alpha-3; CBF-alpha-3; Oncogene AML-2; Polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2 alpha C subunit; PEA2-alpha C; PEBP2-alpha C; SL3-3 enhancer factor 1 alpha C subunit; SL3/AKV core-binding factor Homo sapiens (human)
Protein scribble homologScribble; hScrib; Protein LAP4Homo sapiens (human)
Proteasome activator complex subunit 4Proteasome activator PA200Homo sapiens (human)
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 526S protease subunit S5 basic; 26S proteasome subunit S5BHomo sapiens (human)
Histone H3.1tH3/t; H3t; H3/g; Histone H3.4Homo sapiens (human)
Kelch-like protein 12CUL3-interacting protein 1; DKIR homolog; hDKIRHomo sapiens (human)
Protein wntless homologIntegral membrane protein GPR177; Protein evenness interrupted homolog; EVI; Putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 373Homo sapiens (human)
ParafibrominCell division cycle protein 73 homolog; Hyperparathyroidism 2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HECW1EC 2.3.2.26; HECT, C2 and WW domain-containing protein 1; HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase HECW1; NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1; hNEDL1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase-associated protein LEO1Replicative senescence down-regulated leo1-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Proteasome inhibitor PI31 subunithPI31Homo sapiens (human)
AP-2 complex subunit muAP-2 mu chain; Adaptin-mu2; Adaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit mu; Adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit mu; Clathrin assembly protein complex 2 mu medium chain; Clathrin coat assembly protein AP50; Clathrin coat-associated protein AP50; HA2 50 kDa Homo sapiens (human)
Prickle-like protein 1REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Helicase MOV-10EC 3.6.4.13; Armitage homolog; Moloney leukemia virus 10 proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 8CHD-8; EC 3.6.4.12; ATP-dependent helicase CHD8; Helicase with SNF2 domain 1Homo sapiens (human)
Frizzled-3Fz-3; hFz3Homo sapiens (human)
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF146EC 2.3.2.27; Dactylidin; Iduna; RING finger protein 146; RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase RNF146Homo sapiens (human)
Dapper homolog 1hDPR1; Dapper antagonist of catenin 1; Hepatocellular carcinoma novel gene 3 proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Protein DapleCoiled-coil domain-containing protein 88C; Dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leucine residues; hDaple; Hook-related protein 2; HkRP2Homo sapiens (human)
Vang-like protein 2Loop-tail protein 1 homolog; Strabismus 1; Van Gogh-like protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1AE3RSIkappaB; Epididymis tissue protein Li 2a; F-box and WD repeats protein beta-TrCP; pIkappaBalpha-E3 receptor subunitHomo sapiens (human)
Protein chibby homolog 1ARPP-binding protein; Cytosolic leucine-rich protein; PIGEA-14; PKD2 interactor, Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum-associated 1Homo sapiens (human)
Transformation/transcription domain-associated protein350/400 kDa PCAF-associated factor; PAF350/400; STAF40; Tra1 homologHomo sapiens (human)
Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1Homo sapiens (human)
Wnt inhibitory factor 1WIF-1Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (17)

CompoundDescription
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
IronA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Orthophosphate
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
niacinamideAn important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Guanosine MonophosphateA guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.
cyclic gmpGuanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Guanosine DiphosphateA guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.
Guanosine MonophosphateA guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
Coenzyme A
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.