Compounds > 1,12-dimethylspermine
Page last updated: 2024-11-10

1,12-dimethylspermine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

1,12-dimethylspermine: RN & structure given in first source; enzyme inducer/activator [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3081835
CHEMBL ID165579
SCHEMBL ID342753
MeSH IDM0197989

Synonyms (10)

Synonym
1,3-butanediamine, n1,n1-1,4-butanediylbis-
n1,n1-1,4-butanediylbis-1,3-butanediamine
137946-03-3
1,12-dimethylspermine
1-n-[4-(3-aminobutylamino)butyl]butane-1,3-diamine
CHEMBL165579
SCHEMBL342753
2,13-diamino-5,10-diazatetradecane
DTXSID10929955
n~1~,n~1'~-(butane-1,4-diyl)di(butane-1,3-diamine)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (81)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1528228Drug level in human DU145 cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 6 hrs by HPLC method
AID1528248Inhibition of ODC in human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 6 hrs
AID201353Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528239Substrate activity at recombinant human APAO at 2 mM
AID1528230Drug level in human DU145 cells at 100 uM in presence of SSAO inhibitor aminoguanidine after 3 days by HPLC method
AID1528221Downregulation of intracellular spermine level in human DU145 Cells at 100 uM after 6 hrs by HPLC method (Rvb = 106 +/- 4 pmol/ug)
AID1528229Drug level in human DU145 cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 3 days by HPLC method
AID1528236Substrate activity at recombinant human SMOX at 1 mM
AID85925Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 25 uM spermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528216Downregulation of intracellular putrescine level in human DU145 Cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 3 days by HPLC method (Rvb = 19 +/- 2 pmol/ug)
AID85912Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 25 uM 1,12-dimethylspermine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID98230Compound level in DFMO-treated L1210 cells after 72 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528235Inhibition of recombinant mouse SSAT using spm as substrate at 500 uM relative to control
AID85910Compound level in 72 h DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 15 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85901Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1-methylspermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528227Substrate activity at OAZ1 in human DU145 cells assessed as enzyme-mediated drug uptake at 100 uM in presence of CHX after 4 hrs by HPLC method
AID1528254Induction of OAZ1 in human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in intracellular ODC activity at 10 uM in presence of CHX after 6 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to control
AID1528218Downregulation of intracellular spermidine level in human DU145 Cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 6 hrs by HPLC method (Rvb = 134 +/- 7 pmol/ug)
AID85928Compound level in 96 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201344Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 1 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528214Drug uptake in human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in [14C]-spermine uptake at 1 to 100 uM by competition based assay
AID85921Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 25 uM 1-methylspermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528232Drug metabolism in human DU145 cells at 100 uM assessed as methylspermidine metabolite level assessed per ug DNA after 3 days by HPLC method
AID201350Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1-methylspermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528231Drug metabolism in human DU145 cells at 100 uM assessed as methylspermidine metabolite level assessed per ug DNA after 6 hrs by HPLC method
AID1528217Downregulation of intracellular putrescine level in human DU145 Cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM in presence of SSAO inhibitor aminoguanidine after 3 days by HPLC method (Rvb = 16 +/- 3 pmol/ug)
AID1528215Downregulation of intracellular putrescine level in human DU145 Cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 6 hrs by HPLC method (Rvb = 40 +/- 2 pmol/ug)
AID201503Compound level in DFMO-treated SV3T3 cells after 72 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201359Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 25 uM 1-methylspermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528245Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 3 days
AID98080Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated L1210 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1-methylspermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201507Compound level in DFMO-treated SV3T3 cells at 0 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528233Drug metabolism in human DU145 cells at 100 uM assessed as methylspermidine metabolite level assessed per ug DNA in presence of SSAO inhibitor aminoguanidine after 3 days by HPLC method
AID201487Compound level in 96 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 1 uM 1,12-dimethylspermine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201513Compound level in SV3T3 cells after 96 hr; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85897Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1-methylspermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201338Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 1 uM 1-methylspermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85936Compound level in HT-29 cells after 72 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID227374Effect on stimulation of B-Z transition in poly(dG-MedC) at acompound concentration of 1-20 uM; active1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201490Compound level in 96 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1,12-dimethylspermine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201494Compound level in 96 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528224Downregulation of intracellular N1-acetylspermidine level in human DU145 cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 6 hrs by HPLC method (Rvb < 3 pmol/ug)
AID85933Compound level in DFMO-treated HT-29 cells at 0 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528234Substrate activity at recombinant mouse SSAT at 5 mM
AID201356Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85917Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 25 uM 1-methylspermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201510Compound level in DFMO-treated SV3T3 cells at 96 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85931Compound level in DFMO-treated HT-29 cells after 72 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528253Induction of changes in SSAT activity in human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 3 days
AID98234Compound level in DFMO-treated L1210 cells at 0 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528252Induction of changes in SSAT activity in human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 6 hrs
AID98227Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated L1210 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID98084Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated L1210 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1-methylspermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85938Compound level in HT-29 cells after 96 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528243Inhibition of bovine plasma SSAO at 50 uM using spermine as substrate relative to control
AID85767Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1,12-dimethylspermine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201347Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1-methylspermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528249Inhibition of ODC in human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 3 days
AID201500Compound level in 96 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 25 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID98225Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated L1210 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528251Inhibition of AdoMetDC in human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 3 days
AID1528250Inhibition of AdoMetDC in human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 6 hrs
AID1528247Reversal of alpha-difluoromethylornithine-induced growth arrest in human DU145 cells at 100 uM after 3 days
AID98075Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated L1210 cells after exposure to 10 uM 1,12-dimethylspermine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID98237Compound level in L1210 cells after 72 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201335Compound level in 72 h DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 1 uM 1-methylspermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201496Compound level in 96 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 25 uM 1,12-dimethylspermine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85907Compound level in 72 h DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528225Downregulation of intracellular N1-acetylspermidine level in human DU145 cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 3 days by HPLC method (Rvb = 3 pmol/ug)
AID1528244Inhibition of recombinant human APAO at 50 uM using N1-acetylspermidine level as substrate relative to control
AID1528226Downregulation of intracellular N1-acetylspermidine level in human DU145 cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 3 days in presence of SSAO inhibitor aminoguanidine by HPLC method (Rvb = 3 +/- 1 pmol/ug)
AID1528222Downregulation of intracellular spermine level in human DU145 Cells at 100 uM after 3 days by HPLC method (Rvb = 102 +/- 4 pmol/ug)
AID1528246Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells at 100 uM in presence of SSAO inhibitor aminoguanidine after 3 days
AID1528223Downregulation of intracellular spermine level in human DU145 Cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 3 days in presence of SSAO inhibitor aminoguanidine by HPLC method (Rvb = 157 +/- 8 pmol/ug)
AID24565Retention time was determined1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201362Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 25 uM 1-methylspermine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID1528219Downregulation of intracellular spermidine level in human DU145 Cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 3 days by HPLC method (Rvb = 123 +/- 3 pmol/ug)
AID1528220Downregulation of intracellular spermidine level in human DU145 Cells assessed per ug DNA at 100 uM after 3 days in presence of SSAO inhibitor aminoguanidine by HPLC method (Rvb = 175 +/- 5 pmol/ug)
AID226210Compound level in DFMO-treated HT-29 cells after 96 h; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID201341Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated SV3T3 cells after exposure to 1 uM spermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
AID85904Compound level in 72 hr DFMO (5 mM)-treated HT-29 cells after exposure to 10 uM spermidine; ND denotes no data1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-21, Volume: 35, Issue:4
alpha-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (7)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's3 (42.86)18.2507
2000's1 (14.29)29.6817
2010's2 (28.57)24.3611
2020's1 (14.29)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.44

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.44 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.20 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.64 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.44)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
putrescine
[no description available]		1.9810alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
spermidine
[no description available]		8.1250polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		3.2760polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.6730alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		1.9810aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypusine
hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).		6.9810
1-methylspermidine
1-methylspermidine: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		7.9240
mdl 73811
MDL 73811: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		1.9810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.3820
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		01.9810
Mental Retardation, X-Linked
A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).		02.2510