Ibafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug that was first synthesized in the 1980s. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential enzymes for DNA replication and repair. Ibafloxacin has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Escherichia coli*, and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. It is effective in the treatment of a variety of infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. Ibafloxacin is also used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections in animals. The compound is well-absorbed after oral administration and has a long half-life, allowing for once-daily dosing. It is typically well-tolerated, although side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can occur. Ibafloxacin is being studied for its potential to treat a range of infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Research into ibafloxacin focuses on its efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety, and potential applications in both human and veterinary medicine.'
ibafloxacin: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
ID Source | ID |
---|---|
PubMed CID | 71186 |
CHEMBL ID | 170052 |
SCHEMBL ID | 154637 |
MeSH ID | M0426370 |
Synonym |
---|
9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-1h,5h-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid |
R835 , |
s-25930 |
ibafloxacin |
fluoro-dimethyl-oxo-[?]carboxylic acid |
r-835 |
1h,5h-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid, 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-1-oxo- |
s25930 , |
91618-36-9 |
D04485 |
ibafloxacin (usan/inn) |
s 25930 |
CHEMBL170052 |
ibaflin |
r 835 |
ibafloxacin [usan:inn:ban] |
1h,5h-benzo(ij)quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid, 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-1-oxo- |
ibafloxacine |
9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-1h,5h-benzo(ij)quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid |
unii-53vpk9r0t5 |
53vpk9r0t5 , |
ibafloxacinum |
ibafloxacino |
ibafloxacino [inn-spanish] |
ibafloxacinum [inn-latin] |
ibafloxacine [inn-french] |
ibafloxacin [mi] |
ibafloxacin [inn] |
ibafloxacin [ema epar veterinary] |
ibafloxacin [mart.] |
ibafloxacin [usan] |
SCHEMBL154637 |
dtxsid8057853 , |
tox21_113686 |
NCGC00249910-01 |
dtxcid9031642 |
cas-91618-36-9 |
DXKRGNXUIRKXNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1h,5h-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid |
6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9- fluoro-1-oxo-1h,5h-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid |
HY-U00214 |
CS-7344 |
Q5983609 |
r835;s25930 |
gtpl10819 |
7-fluoro-8,12-dimethyl-4-oxo-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-2,5,7,9(13)-tetraene-3-carboxylic acid |
AKOS040736414 |
Ibafloxacin is a chiral fluoroquinolone available for clinical use as a racemic mixture of the R- and S-enantiomers.
Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
---|---|---|
"Ibafloxacin is a chiral fluoroquinolone available for clinical use as a racemic mixture of the R- and S-enantiomers." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ibafloxacin in healthy cats. Coulet, M; Cox, P; Lohuis, J; Morello, C, 2005) | 1.37 |
The pharmacodynamic properties of a new veterinary fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, ibafloxacin, were evaluated. Despite having different pharmacokinetic profiles, Ibafl Oxacin and marbofloxAcin produced similar results when used under field conditions at recommended dosages.
Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
---|---|---|
"The pharmacodynamic properties of a new veterinary fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, ibafloxacin, were evaluated." | ( In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties of the fluoroquinolone ibafloxacin. Coulet, M; Cox, P; Lohuis, J; Van Borssum Waalkes, M, 2002) | 0.77 |
" Despite having different pharmacokinetic profiles, ibafloxacin and marbofloxacin produced similar results when used under field conditions at the recommended dosages." | ( Treatment of canine pyoderma with ibafloxacin and marbofloxacin--fluoroquinolones with different pharmacokinetic profiles. Horspool, LJ; Mawhinney, I; van den Bos, R; van Laar, P, 2004) | 0.85 |
"The pharmacodynamic properties of ibafloxacin were investigated in micro-organisms isolated from cats." | ( Pharmacodynamics of ibafloxacin in micro-organisms isolated from cats. Coulet, M; Cox, P; Lohuis, J, 2005) | 0.93 |
" Following repeated oral administration, significant increases in Cmax and AUC of ibafloxacin and its less active metabolites (racemic or enantiomers) were observed between the first and the tenth day of treatment." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ibafloxacin in healthy cats. Coulet, M; Cox, P; Lohuis, J; Morello, C, 2005) | 0.88 |
"The pharmacokinetic behavior of ibafloxacin was studied after intravenous administration of a single dose of 15 mg/kg to 6 healthy lactating goats." | ( Pharmacokinetics and milk penetration of ibafloxacin after intravenous administration to lactating goats. Cárceles, CM; Escudero, E; Fernández-Varón, E; Marín, P, 2007) | 0.89 |
Dogs with superficial or deep pyoderma (n = 228) presented to first opinion veterinarians were treated orally with either ibafloxacin, at a dosage of 15 mg/kg, or marbofl Oxacin. No significant accumulation in plasma was found following single and repeated dosage regimens.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
---|---|---|
" The pharmacokinetics of ibafloxacin was similar following single and repeated dosage regimens, implying no significant accumulation in plasma." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ibafloxacin following intravenous and oral administration to healthy Beagle dogs. Coulet, M; Cox, P; Leeuwenkamp, OR; Lohuis, J; Van Borssum Waalkes, M, 2002) | 0.94 |
" Finally, studies in dog models of wound infection and cystitis confirmed the efficacy of once daily oral ibafloxacin at a dosage of 15 mg/kg." | ( In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties of the fluoroquinolone ibafloxacin. Coulet, M; Cox, P; Lohuis, J; Van Borssum Waalkes, M, 2002) | 0.76 |
"Dogs with superficial or deep pyoderma (n = 228) presented to first opinion veterinarians (n = 20) were treated orally with either ibafloxacin, at a dosage of 15 mg/kg, or marbofloxacin, at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, once daily for 3-16 weeks." | ( Treatment of canine pyoderma with ibafloxacin and marbofloxacin--fluoroquinolones with different pharmacokinetic profiles. Horspool, LJ; Mawhinney, I; van den Bos, R; van Laar, P, 2004) | 0.81 |
Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9145 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346859 |
SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9145 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346859 |
GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8465 | 0.0007 | 14.5928 | 83.7951 | AID1259392 |
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.1954 | 0.0015 | 30.6073 | 15,848.9004 | AID1224841; AID1224848; AID1224849 |
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
---|---|---|---|---|
AID1347094 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347105 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
AID1347089 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347091 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347102 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347407 | qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
AID1347099 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347104 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347106 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347082 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
AID1347097 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347090 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347092 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347083 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
AID1347108 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347101 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347424 | RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1) | 2019 | The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46 | Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens. |
AID1347096 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347107 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347154 | Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
AID1508630 | Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay | 2021 | Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4 | A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. |
AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
AID1347103 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347093 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347098 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1745845 | Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
AID1347095 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347086 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
AID1347425 | Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1) | 2019 | The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46 | Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens. |
AID1347100 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID163950 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID164112 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas cepacia ATCC 25608 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID42653 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Bordetella pertussis ATCC 10380 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID83800 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 9333 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID209407 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 10741 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID70615 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 15221 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID206206 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID201530 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi-CDC M4694 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID94227 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 23357 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID66221 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 23355 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID207546 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID162910 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis-R 119 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID203309 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
AID210258 | In vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 1961-1 | 1987 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5 | Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid. |
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 6 (28.57) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 7 (33.33) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 2 (9.52) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 6 (28.57) | 2.80 |
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (18.68) All Compounds (24.57) |
Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
---|---|---|
Trials | 4 (18.18%) | 5.53% |
Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
Other | 18 (81.82%) | 84.16% |
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |