Page last updated: 2024-12-10
schizokinen
Description
schizokinen: iron siderophore from Bacillus megatorium; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
schizokinen : A hydroxamic acid resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide (2 mol eq.) with the carboxy groups at positions 1 and 3 of citric acid. It is a siderophore produced by Bacillus megaterium and Anabaena species. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
Cross-References
| ID Source | ID |
|---|
| PubMed CID | 3082425 |
| CHEMBL ID | 322079 |
| CHEBI ID | 84582 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 12470069 |
| MeSH ID | M0040785 |
Synonyms (13)
| Synonym |
|---|
| 35418-52-1 |
| butanoic acid, 4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)amino)-2-(2-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo- |
| schizokinen |
| chebi:84582 , |
| CHEMBL322079 |
| 4-[3-[acetyl(hydroxy)amino]propylamino]-2-[2-[3-[acetyl(hydroxy)amino]propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid |
| SCHEMBL12470069 |
| 4-({3-[acetyl(hydroxy)amino]propyl}amino)-2-[2-({3-[acetyl(hydroxy)amino]propyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid |
| DTXSID70188900 |
| Q27157885 |
| 2-hydroxy-4-((3-(n-hydroxyacetamido)propyl)amino)-2-(2-((3-(n-hydroxyacetamido)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid |
| STARBLD0041766 |
| AKOS040753977 |
Research Excerpts
Bioavailability
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|
| "However, the bioavailability was low and thus schizokinen, like deferoxamine, has no potential as an orally active iron chelator for the treatment of systemic iron overload." | ( Characterization of two siderophores produced by Bacillus megaterium: A preliminary investigation into their potential as therapeutic agents.
Chuljerm, H; Cilibrizzi, A; Deeudom, M; Fucharoen, S; Hider, RC; Mazzacuva, F; Srichairatanakool, S, 2020) | 0.82 |
Roles (2)
| Role | Description |
|---|
| siderophore | Any of low-molecular-mass iron(III)-chelating compounds produced by microorganisms for the purpose of the transport and sequestration of iron. |
| bacterial metabolite | Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] |
Drug Classes (2)
| Class | Description |
|---|
| hydroxamic acid | A compound, RkE(=O)lNHOH, derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH) (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH with -NHOH, and derivatives thereof. Specific examples of hydroxamic acids are preferably named as N-hydroxy amides. |
| 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] |
Bioassays (6)
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|
| AID69438 | Ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli strain RWV193 from 200 uM stock solution was determined in growth response assay | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
| Artificial siderophores. 1. Synthesis and microbial iron transport capabilities. |
| AID69446 | Ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli strain AN193 from 200 uM stock solution was determined in growth response assay | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
| Artificial siderophores. 1. Synthesis and microbial iron transport capabilities. |
| AID69295 | Ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli strain BNV3040 from 200 uM stock solution was determined in growth response assay | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
| Artificial siderophores. 1. Synthesis and microbial iron transport capabilities. |
| AID69311 | Ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli strain RWB7 from 200 uM stock solution was determined in growth response assay; No growth around disc | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
| Artificial siderophores. 1. Synthesis and microbial iron transport capabilities. |
| AID69303 | Ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli strain RW 193 from 200 uM stock solution was determined in growth response assay | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
| Artificial siderophores. 1. Synthesis and microbial iron transport capabilities. |
| AID69287 | Ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli strain BN3300 from 200 uM stock solution was determined in growth response assay; No growth around disc | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
| Artificial siderophores. 1. Synthesis and microbial iron transport capabilities. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Research
Studies (16)
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (18.75) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6 (37.50) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5 (31.25) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (12.50) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Market Indicators
Research Demand Index: 24.82
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| Metric | This Compound (vs All) |
|---|
| Research Demand Index | 24.82 (24.57) | | Research Supply Index | 2.83 (2.92) | | Research Growth Index | 4.32 (4.65) | | Search Engine Demand Index | 26.67 (26.88) | | Search Engine Supply Index | 2.00 (0.95) |
| |
Study Types
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1 (6.25%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 15 (93.75%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |