Compounds > pirfloxacin
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pirfloxacin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Pirfloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is a potent inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication. Pirfloxacin has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of various infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and skin infections. Its mechanism of action involves binding to DNA gyrase and preventing the enzyme from unwinding DNA, thereby inhibiting bacterial DNA replication and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. Pirfloxacin has shown promising results in clinical trials, demonstrating its effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria. However, like other fluoroquinolones, pirfloxacin has been associated with potential side effects, including tendonitis, joint pain, and neurological complications. As a result, its use is often reserved for cases where other antibiotics have failed or are not suitable. Further research is ongoing to better understand its efficacy and safety profile, as well as to explore potential new applications for this antibiotic.'

pirfloxacin: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID65828
CHEMBL ID68262
SCHEMBL ID145215
MeSH IDM0133643

Synonyms (37)

Synonym
nsc 610496
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1h-pyrrol-1-yl)-
irloxacin [inn]
irloxacine [french]
1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1h-pyrrol-1-yl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
pirfloxacin
e 3432
irloxacinum [latin]
irloxacino [spanish]
6-fluoro-7-(1-pyrrolyl)-1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1h-pyrrol-1-yl)-
nsc-610496
irloxacin
1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-pyrrol-1-yl-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-pyrrol-1-yl-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
nsc610496
91524-15-1
e-3432
CHEMBL68262
1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-pyrrol-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
unii-36sg77d21b
irloxacinum
36sg77d21b ,
irloxacine
irloxacino
SCHEMBL145215
RZLHGQLYNZQZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID10238610
AKOS030530712
e 3432; irloxacin; nsc 610496
1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1h-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
Q27256595
MS-24324
SB63575
1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1h-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylicacid
CS-0024739
HY-105033

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The results obtained showed that irloxacin was well tolerated after single administration in mice and rats, with LD50 values above 2000 and 5000 mg/kg for intraperitoneal and oral administration, respectively."( Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of the new quinolone antibacterial agent irloxacin in rodents.
Demestre, I; García, C; Guzmán, A, 1999)		0.3

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Compared with eye drops, drug-loaded SCLs greatly enhanced the retention time and concentrations of PFD in cornea and aqueous humor and consequently improved the bioavailability of PFD."( Experimental studies on soft contact lenses for controlled ocular delivery of pirfinedone: in vitro and in vivo.
Lei, M; Wu, K; Xu, J; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Ye, C; Yu, M; Zhao, C, 2016)		0.43

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Necropsy on day 20 of gestation showed dosage related increase in liver and kidney weights in all rat treated groups."( Developmental toxicity studies of the quinolone antibacterial agent irloxacin in rats and rabbits.
Demestre, I; García, C; Guzmán, A; Marín, AP; Willoughby, C, 2003)		0.32
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (36)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID209611In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Streptococcus pyogenes 41990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID206759In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (inducible, low level beta-lactamase producer)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID164385Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UI-18)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID78707MIC at which cleaved DNA (linear) is observed at an intensity relative to oxolinic acid at 10 ug/mL by using Gyrase Induced DNA-Cleavage assay1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID40779In vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 66331987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID162756In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Proteus mirabilis 901990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID22116Total serum concentrations at 0 to 4 hours interval was determined by 50 mg / kg oral administration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID112673In vivo antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (KC-14) was determined for the compound administered perorally1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID68668In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Escherichia coli TEM-1 (TEM-1 (class IIIa) beta-lactamase producer)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID96263In vitro antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae PCI-6021987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID206756In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Staphylococcus aureus 1059B (inducible, high level beta-lactamase producer)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID69784Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (vogel)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID64063In vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-21987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID163251In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Proteus vulgaris 1028 BC (Class Ic beta-lactamase overproducer1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID165047In vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 34451987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID163244In vitro antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris HX-191987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID208022In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Streptococcus pneumoniae 63011990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID206757In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Staphylococcus aureus 95 (Methicillin-resistant, high-level beta-lactamase producer)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID78688Inhibitory concentration in supercoiling inhibition Escherichia coli DNA gyrase assay1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID22114Concentrations in serum after 30 minutes at 50 mg / kg oral administration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID22112Concentrations in serum after 240 minutes at 50 mg / kg oral administration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID95885Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (MGH-2)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID68666In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Escherichia coli ATCC 259221990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID200518In vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi 10151987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID22111Concentrations in serum after 120 minutes at 50 mg / kg oral administration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID22115Concentrations in serum after 60 minutes at 50 mg / kg oral administration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID203141In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Serratia marcescens 10711990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID52946In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Citrobacter freundii BS-161990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID66246In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Enterobacter cloacae P99 (Class Ia beta-lactamase overproducer)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID165204In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18S/H (Class Id beta-lactamase overproducer)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID207175Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (H228)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID67402In vitro antibacterial activity was determined against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 292121990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters with a dual mode of action.
AID69782Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (H560)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID210022Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (SV-1)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3
New structure-activity relationships of the quinolone antibacterials using the target enzyme. The development and application of a DNA gyrase assay.
AID206293In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P JC-11987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
AID205725In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis IAM 15761987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. 1. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of 7-(azole substituted)quinolones.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (13)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19907 (53.85)18.7374
1990's3 (23.08)18.2507
2000's2 (15.38)29.6817
2010's1 (7.69)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.58

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.58 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.71 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.29 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.58)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other14 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		1.9610cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		3.77110aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		1.96101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.3720difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		2.66301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		2.6630fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		1.96103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
oxolinic acid
quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.		2.3720aromatic carboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
enzyme inhibitor
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		1.9610amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piromidic acid
Piromidic Acid: Antibacterial against mainly gram negative organisms. It is used for urinary tract and intestinal infections.. piromidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid, substituted at position 2 by a pyrrolidin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic antibacterial which is used for the treatment of urinary tract and intestinal infections.		1.9610monocarboxylic acid;
pyridopyrimidine;
pyrrolidines;
quinolone antibiotic;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.3720monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
miloxacin
miloxacin: structure in second source		1.9610quinolines
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		1.9610fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
amifloxacin
amifloxacin: structure in UD		1.9610quinolines
rosoxacin
rosoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by an ethyl group at position 1 and by a pyridin-4-yl group at position 7. An antibacterial drug, active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it has been used for treating urinary tract infections and certain sexually transmitted diseases.		1.9610pyridines;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		1.97101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
E coli Infections
[description not available]		01.9710
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		01.9710
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		01.9710
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		01.9710
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.0110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.0110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.420
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		0210