17-iodoheptadecanoic acid

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

## 17-Iodoheptadecanoic Acid (17-IHDA)

17-Iodoheptadecanoic acid (17-IHDA) is a long-chain fatty acid with an iodine atom attached to the 17th carbon atom. It's a synthetic compound, not naturally occurring in the body.

**Why is it important for research?**

17-IHDA is an important research tool because of its ability to **inhibit the enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1)**. This enzyme is crucial in the process of fatty acid oxidation, which is the breakdown of fats for energy.

**Here's how it works:**

* CPT1 is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. It plays a vital role in transporting long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they can be broken down for energy production.
* 17-IHDA acts as a competitive inhibitor of CPT1. This means it binds to the same active site on the enzyme as the fatty acid substrate, effectively blocking the entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria.

**Research implications:**

* **Understanding fatty acid metabolism:** 17-IHDA is a valuable tool to study the role of CPT1 in various biological processes, such as energy production, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity.
* **Developing new therapeutic strategies:** 17-IHDA has potential therapeutic applications in conditions related to metabolic disorders, such as:
* **Obesity:** 17-IHDA can reduce fat accumulation by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, potentially leading to weight loss.
* **Diabetes:** 17-IHDA might improve insulin sensitivity by modulating the activity of CPT1 in skeletal muscles.
* **Cancer:** Some studies suggest that 17-IHDA could inhibit tumor growth by reducing fatty acid metabolism in cancer cells.

**Limitations:**

* 17-IHDA has been shown to have several side effects, including liver toxicity.
* Further research is needed to determine its long-term safety and efficacy for clinical use.

**In summary, 17-IHDA is a valuable research tool that allows scientists to study the role of CPT1 in fatty acid metabolism and explore its potential therapeutic applications in various metabolic disorders.** However, further research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and risks.

17-iodoheptadecanoic acid: RN given refers to (123)I-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not in Chemline 7/84 [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	2736656
SCHEMBL ID	290324
MeSH ID	M0088747

Synonyms (10)

Synonym
17-iodoheptadecanoic acid
60451-92-5
17-iodo-heptadecanecarboxylic acid
5(4h)-oxazolone, 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylene]-2-methyl-
SCHEMBL290324
mfcd00040783
17-iodo-heptadecanecarboxylic acid (iha)
FT-0738688
DTXSID30975858
CS-0454058

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The complex pharmacokinetic behavior of stable lipophilic catabolites prevents a quantitative background correction."	( 15-(p[75Br]bromophenyl)pentadecanoic acid: pharmacokinetics and potential as heart agent. Coenen, HH; Harmand, MF; Kloster, G; Stöcklin, G, 1981)	0.26

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (55)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	43 (78.18)	18.7374
1990's	12 (21.82)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.23

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	10.23 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	4.08 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.31 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.23)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (1.75%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (3.51%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	54 (94.74%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.37	2	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.66	3	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	7.38	2	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
iofetamine Iofetamine: An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123.	3.06	1
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	2.39	2	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	1.96	1	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
margaric acid margaric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. heptadecanoic acid : A C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants.	1.96	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; mammalian metabolite
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	1.96	1	diatomic bromine
iodine [no description available]	1.96	1	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
omega-(4-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid omega-(4-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid: imaging agent; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	4.57	8
15-(4-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid 15-(4-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid: labeled with 123I for myocardial imaging; structure given in first source	2.68	3
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.88	4	boron group element atom
16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid 16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid: RN given refers to 125I-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not in Chemline 3/19/84	1.96	1
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	1.99	1	peptide hormone
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	1.99	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	4.89	14	0
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.	2.88	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	4.89	14	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.36	2	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	3.8	4	0
Angina at Rest [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	3.8	4	0
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	1.96	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	5.52	6	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	5.52	6	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.87	4	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	1.95	1	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.38	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.39	2	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	1.99	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	1.97	1	0
Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	1.96	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.37	2	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	2.37	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.96	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	1.96	1	0

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