endoribonuclease inhibitor activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of endoribonuclease. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]

Endoribonuclease inhibitor activity is a molecular function that involves the ability of a molecule to bind to and inhibit the activity of endoribonucleases. Endoribonucleases are enzymes that cleave RNA molecules within the chain, as opposed to exonucleases which cleave nucleotides from the end of a chain. Endoribonuclease inhibitor activity is essential for maintaining the integrity of RNA molecules and regulating gene expression. Endoribonuclease inhibitors can function by a variety of mechanisms, including:
- **Direct binding to the active site of the endoribonuclease:** This blocks the enzyme from accessing its substrate and prevents catalysis.
- **Inducing conformational changes in the endoribonuclease:** This can alter the active site of the enzyme, making it less active or inactive.
- **Interacting with a cofactor required for endoribonuclease activity:** This can prevent the enzyme from functioning properly.
Endoribonuclease inhibitor activity plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes, including:
- **RNA processing and maturation:** Endoribonuclease inhibitors can regulate the processing of precursor RNA molecules into mature mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
- **Gene expression:** By controlling the degradation of mRNA, endoribonuclease inhibitors can influence the levels of specific proteins in cells.
- **Viral replication:** Some viruses rely on endoribonucleases to replicate their genomes. Inhibiting these enzymes can prevent viral replication and spread.
- **Immune response:** Endoribonuclease inhibitors can modulate the immune response by affecting the degradation of immune-related RNA molecules.
Examples of molecules with endoribonuclease inhibitor activity include:
- **Ribonucleases H (RNase H):** These enzymes degrade RNA:DNA hybrids and are essential for DNA replication and repair.
- **Small interfering RNA (siRNA):** These double-stranded RNA molecules can trigger the degradation of specific mRNA molecules by interacting with endoribonucleases.
- **MicroRNAs (miRNA):** These short non-coding RNA molecules can regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNA molecules for degradation or translational inhibition.
- **Ribozymes:** These catalytic RNA molecules can act as endoribonucleases themselves or inhibit other endoribonucleases.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (21)