misfolded RNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to an RNA molecule that has assumed an incorrect conformation. [GOC:mah, PMID:10393192]

Misfolded RNA binding is a complex process that involves the recognition and interaction of proteins with RNA molecules that have deviated from their native conformation. These misfolded RNAs can arise due to various factors, including mutations, environmental stress, or errors in transcription or translation. Misfolded RNAs are often non-functional and can have detrimental effects on cellular processes. Proteins that bind misfolded RNAs, often referred to as "chaperones" or "molecular chaperones", play a crucial role in maintaining RNA homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of misfolded RNA. Their molecular function involves several key steps:

1. **Recognition:** Chaperones possess specific binding domains that can recognize and interact with misfolded RNA structures. These domains often target exposed hydrophobic patches or altered secondary structures present in misfolded RNAs.
2. **Stabilization:** Once bound, chaperones can stabilize the misfolded RNA, preventing further aggregation or degradation. This stabilization may involve shielding exposed hydrophobic regions or promoting the formation of more stable, native-like conformations.
3. **Refolding:** Some chaperones possess enzymatic activity that can directly promote the refolding of misfolded RNA into its native conformation. These chaperones may use ATP hydrolysis to provide the energy required for refolding.
4. **Targeting:** Other chaperones can facilitate the delivery of misfolded RNA to specific cellular compartments, such as the degradation machinery. This targeting can involve interactions with other proteins or cellular structures.
5. **Degradation:** In cases where the misfolded RNA cannot be refolded, chaperones can direct it to degradation pathways, preventing its accumulation and potential toxicity.

The molecular function of misfolded RNA binding is essential for maintaining cellular integrity and preventing the accumulation of harmful RNA species. The specific mechanism of action can vary depending on the chaperone involved and the nature of the misfolded RNA. However, the general principles of recognition, stabilization, refolding, targeting, and degradation are common features of this important cellular process.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (21)