transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein. [GOC:txnOH, PMID:8332211]

Transcription antitermination factor activity and RNA binding are intricately linked molecular functions that play a crucial role in gene regulation. Transcription antitermination factors are proteins that bind to specific sequences within RNA transcripts, often near the termination site of transcription. These factors prevent the premature termination of transcription, allowing for the production of full-length RNA molecules.

The RNA binding function of these factors is essential for their antitermination activity. By recognizing and binding to specific RNA sequences, antitermination factors can alter the conformation of the RNA molecule, disrupting the formation of secondary structures that normally signal termination. This alteration in RNA structure can either block the access of termination factors to the RNA or directly interact with the RNA polymerase to promote continued transcription.

The specific mechanism of antitermination can vary depending on the antitermination factor and the target RNA. However, the underlying principle remains the same: the binding of an antitermination factor to RNA alters the transcription process, allowing for the production of longer transcripts that might not be produced otherwise.

The consequences of antitermination are significant for gene expression. By preventing premature termination, antitermination factors can increase the production of specific transcripts, thereby influencing the levels of encoded proteins. This regulation can be essential for various cellular processes, including the expression of genes involved in stress response, nutrient utilization, and developmental control.

In conclusion, transcription antitermination factor activity and RNA binding are intimately connected functions. The ability of these factors to bind RNA and alter its structure is crucial for their ability to regulate gene expression by preventing premature transcription termination, ultimately influencing the production of critical proteins.
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (21)