response to odorant
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an odorant stimulus. An odorant is any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell. [PMID:11268007]
Response to odorant is a complex biological process that involves the detection, transduction, and processing of odorant molecules. This process begins with the binding of odorant molecules to olfactory receptors (ORs) located in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) found in the olfactory epithelium. These receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), meaning they are linked to intracellular signaling pathways via a G protein. When an odorant binds to its specific OR, it triggers a cascade of events that ultimately lead to the generation of an electrical signal. This signal is then transmitted to the olfactory bulb, a structure in the brain responsible for processing olfactory information. The olfactory bulb contains a diverse population of neurons, including mitral cells, tufted cells, and granule cells. These neurons receive input from OSNs and project to various brain regions involved in odor perception and processing. The information from the olfactory bulb is then relayed to higher brain centers, including the piriform cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. The piriform cortex is involved in the perception of odor quality and identity. The amygdala is involved in emotional responses to odors. The hippocampus is involved in odor memory. The response to odorant is a highly sensitive and specific process. Each OR is thought to be tuned to a specific range of odorants. This allows the olfactory system to discriminate between a vast array of different odors. The response to odorant is also influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and airflow. These factors can affect the diffusion of odorant molecules and the rate at which they bind to ORs. Overall, the response to odorant is a complex process that involves the coordinated activity of multiple cellular and molecular components. It is a vital process that allows animals to detect and respond to a wide range of chemical stimuli in their environment.'
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Proteins (3)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 | A sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NFF2] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-14 | A matrix metalloproteinase-14 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50281] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein | A heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (36)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| potassium chloride | potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA. | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| tubercidin | tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus. Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids. | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| toyocamycin | toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group. Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry. | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite |
| nsc 65346 | sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd | nucleoside analogue | protein kinase inhibitor |
| tiludronic acid | tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source | organochlorine compound | |
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| zoledronic acid | zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS. | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
| 8-aminoadenosine | |||
| marimastat | marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| ilomastat | CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor | hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| 5'-deoxyadenosine | 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase. 5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd | 5'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cgs 27023a | CGS 27023A: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | ||
| prinomastat | prinomastat : A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14. prinomastat: a diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; angiogenesis inhibitor; | aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid; pyridines; sulfonamide; thiomorpholines | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| rs-130830 | RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | ||
| tmi-1 | |||
| batimastat | batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor. batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| ik 682 | IK 682: inhibits TNF-alpha converting enzyme; structure in first source | hydroxamic acid; pyrrolidin-2-ones; quinolines | |
| epigallocatechin-3-o-(3''-o-methyl)-gallate | catechin | ||
| ro 32-3555 | Ro 32-3555: structure given in first source | ||
| sb 3ct compound | SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source | aromatic ether | |
| pd 166793 | |||
| sc 78080 | |||
| ro 31-9790 | Ro 31-9790: hydroxamic acid derivative | ||
| arp-100 | |||
| kb r8301 | |||
| N(2)-([biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-N(2)-isopropoxy-D-valinamide | N(2)-([biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-N(2)-isopropoxy-D-valinamide : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxy-D-valinamide in which the alpha-amino group has been substituted by isopropoxy and [biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl groups. A selective matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor, it is one of the most potent inducers of autophagy. Its physiological roles include angiogenesis, cancer metastasis, embryogenesis, tissue remodeling in development, and wound healing. | D-valine derivative; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; melanin synthesis inhibitor |
| bms-566394 | BMS-566394: structure in first source | ||
| incb3619 | INCB3619: ADAM inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| ver 155008 | VER 155008: structure in first source | purine nucleoside | |
| 6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-ethyl-2-purinecarbonitrile | 6-aminopurines | ||
| 6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-2-purinecarbonitrile | 6-aminopurines | ||
| 9-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-6-(ethylamino)-2-purinecarbonitrile | imidazoles | ||
| grassystatin a | grassystatin A: isolated from a cyanobacterium, identified as Lyngbya cf.; structure in first source | ||
| nms-e973 | NMS-E973: structure in first source |