Compounds > 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam glucuronide
Page last updated: 2024-12-07
1-hydroxymethylmidazolam glucuronide
Description
## 1-Hydroxymethylmidazolam glucuronide: A Key Metabolite for Research
**1-Hydroxymethylmidazolam glucuronide** (1-OH-midazolam glucuronide) is a major metabolite of midazolam, a commonly used benzodiazepine drug known for its sedative and amnestic properties.
Here's why it's important for research:
**1. Understanding Pharmacokinetics:**
* **Metabolic Pathway:** 1-OH-midazolam glucuronide formation is a key part of midazolam's metabolism. Studying this process helps understand how the body eliminates the drug and its active metabolites.
* **Drug Interactions:** This metabolite can interact with other drugs, potentially influencing their efficacy and side effects.
* **Dosage Adjustments:** Research on 1-OH-midazolam glucuronide can guide dosage adjustments in different patient populations, especially those with impaired liver function.
**2. Evaluating Drug Safety and Efficacy:**
* **Toxicity Assessment:** Studying 1-OH-midazolam glucuronide helps determine if it contributes to any adverse effects or toxicity associated with midazolam use.
* **Therapeutic Window:** Understanding the formation and elimination of this metabolite provides valuable insights into the drug's therapeutic window, optimizing its use for clinical applications.
**3. Investigating Drug Abuse and Dependence:**
* **Biomarkers for Abuse:** Levels of 1-OH-midazolam glucuronide can be used as biomarkers for midazolam abuse or dependence, contributing to diagnostic tools.
* **Withdrawal Syndrome:** Research on this metabolite can help understand the mechanisms underlying midazolam withdrawal syndrome and potentially lead to better treatments.
**4. Drug Delivery and Formulation:**
* **Controlled Release:** Studying the metabolism of midazolam and its metabolites, like 1-OH-midazolam glucuronide, can guide the development of novel controlled-release formulations for improved drug delivery.
**5. Understanding Individual Variability:**
* **Pharmacogenomics:** Research on 1-OH-midazolam glucuronide can uncover genetic factors influencing its formation and elimination, paving the way for personalized medicine approaches.
Overall, 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam glucuronide plays a crucial role in various research areas related to midazolam, contributing to a better understanding of its pharmacokinetics, safety, efficacy, and potential for abuse. This knowledge ultimately leads to more effective and safer drug therapies.
1-hydroxymethylmidazolam glucuronide: metabolite of midazolam [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
1-hydroxymidazolam beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is beta-D-glucuronic acid in which the anomeric hydroxyl hydrogen has been replaced by a 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-4-yl group. It is the glucuronidated conjugate of the midazolam metabolite, 1-hydroxymidazolam. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
Cross-References
Synonyms (21)
| Synonym |
|---|
| beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid, (8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-4h-imidazo(1,5-a)(1,4)benzodiazepin-1-yl)methyl |
| unii-3eyb2r97a9 |
| mdz-glucuronide |
| 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam glucuronide |
| 1-hydroxymidazolam beta-d-glucuronide |
| 1'-hydroxymidazolam beta-d-glucuronide |
| [8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-4h-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-yl]methyl beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid |
| 1'-hydroxymidazolam-glucuronide |
| 81256-81-7 |
| 1-hydroxymidazolam glucuronide |
| CHEBI:145334 |
| 1'-oh mdz glucuronide |
| (2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-[[8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-4h-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid |
| 1'-hydroxymidazolam .beta.-d-glucuronide |
| [8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-4h-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-yl]methyl-.beta.-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid |
| ICIUMXQTLQXWGL-QMDPOKHVSA-N |
| [8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-4h-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-yl]methyl hexopyranosiduronic acid |
| DTXSID301001880 |
| 1'-hydroxy midazolam-beta-d-glucuronide |
| 1'-hydroxy midazolam-?-d-glucuronide |
| PD021375 |
Research Excerpts
Pharmacokinetics
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|
| "The pharmacokinetic parameters of 16 patients in the intensive care unit, sedated with midazolam, were evaluated." | ( Decreased plasma albumin concentration results in increased volume of distribution and decreased elimination of midazolam in intensive care patients.
Dirksen, MS; Driessen, JJ; Guelen, PJ; Hafkenscheid, JC; Janssen, TJ; Shimoda, M; Termond, EF; van Dalen, R; Vree, TB, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "Prospective population pharmacokinetic study." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and metabolism of midazolam in pediatric intensive care patients.
de Hoog, M; de Wildt, SN; van den Anker, JN; van der Giesen, E; Vinks, AA, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " A population analysis was conducted via a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model by the NPEM program." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and metabolism of midazolam in pediatric intensive care patients.
de Hoog, M; de Wildt, SN; van den Anker, JN; van der Giesen, E; Vinks, AA, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "We describe population and individual midazolam pharmacokinetic parameter estimates in pediatric intensive care patients by using a population modeling approach." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and metabolism of midazolam in pediatric intensive care patients.
de Hoog, M; de Wildt, SN; van den Anker, JN; van der Giesen, E; Vinks, AA, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Based on our findings that there is no relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic outcome, we recommend that midazolam dosing should be titrated according to the desired clinical effect in combination with a validated assessment instrument, eg, the COMFORT scale." | ( Pharmacodynamics of midazolam in pediatric intensive care patients.
de Hoog, M; de Wildt, SN; Joosten, KF; van den Anker, JN; van Dijk, M; Vinks, AA, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "We aim to evaluate the influence of covariates, including cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) genetic polymorphisms, on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam (MDZ) in Asian cancer patients, using a population pharmacokinetic approach." | ( CYP3A5*3 and bilirubin predict midazolam population pharmacokinetics in Asian cancer patients.
Goh, BC; Hee, KH; Lee, LS; Sapari, NS; Seng, KY; Soon, GH; Soong, R, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " To find clinically relevant parameters for dose individualization, we performed a pharmacokinetic study on midazolam, 1OH-midazolam (1-OH-M) and 1OH-midazolam-glucuronide (1-OH-MG) in terminally ill patients." | ( Hypoalbuminaemia and decreased midazolam clearance in terminally ill adult patients, an inflammatory effect?
Baar, FPM; de Winter, BCM; Franken, LG; Koch, BCP; Masman, AD; Mathot, RAA; Tibboel, D; van Gelder, T, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "2), a population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted with 192 samples from 45 terminally ill patients who received midazolam either orally or subcutaneously." | ( Hypoalbuminaemia and decreased midazolam clearance in terminally ill adult patients, an inflammatory effect?
Baar, FPM; de Winter, BCM; Franken, LG; Koch, BCP; Masman, AD; Mathot, RAA; Tibboel, D; van Gelder, T, 2017) | 0.46 |
Dosage Studied
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|
| " In 20 of the 21 patients midazolam dosing could be effectively titrated to the desired level of sedation, assessed by the COMFORT scale." | ( Pharmacodynamics of midazolam in pediatric intensive care patients.
de Hoog, M; de Wildt, SN; Joosten, KF; van den Anker, JN; van Dijk, M; Vinks, AA, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Our study indicates albumin levels and eGFR as relevant clinical parameters to optimize midazolam dosing in terminally ill patients." | ( Hypoalbuminaemia and decreased midazolam clearance in terminally ill adult patients, an inflammatory effect?
Baar, FPM; de Winter, BCM; Franken, LG; Koch, BCP; Masman, AD; Mathot, RAA; Tibboel, D; van Gelder, T, 2017) | 0.46 |
Roles (3)
| Role | Description |
|---|
| drug metabolite | null |
| human urinary metabolite | Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples. |
| human blood serum metabolite | Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] |
Drug Classes (5)
| Class | Description |
|---|
| beta-D-glucosiduronic acid | A glucosiduronic acid resulting from the formal condensation of any substance with beta-D-glucuronic acid to form a glycosidic bond. |
| monosaccharide derivative | A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide. |
| imidazobenzodiazepine | Any organic heterotricyclic compound that is any benzodiazepine which is ortho-fused with a imidazole. |
| monofluorobenzenes | Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying a single fluorine substitutent. |
| organochlorine compound | An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] |
Research
Studies (6)
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (16.67) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (16.67) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2 (33.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 2 (33.33) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Market Indicators
Research Demand Index: 12.36
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| Metric | This Compound (vs All) |
|---|
| Research Demand Index | 12.36 (24.57) | | Research Supply Index | 2.30 (2.92) | | Research Growth Index | 4.66 (4.65) | | Search Engine Demand Index | 0.00 (26.88) | | Search Engine Supply Index | 0.00 (0.95) |
| |
Study Types
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|
| Trials | 3 (50.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 3 (50.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |