Page last updated: 2024-10-24

beta-glucosidase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose. [EC:3.2.1.21, PMID:12594539]

Beta-glucosidase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond between a glucose molecule and another sugar molecule. This specific type of glycosidase is responsible for breaking down beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds in cellobiose and other complex carbohydrates. Beta-glucosidases are found in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They play a crucial role in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, into simpler sugars, such as glucose. This process is essential for the utilization of these carbohydrates as energy sources.

The catalytic mechanism of beta-glucosidases typically involves the following steps:
1. Binding of the substrate to the active site of the enzyme.
2. Cleavage of the glycosidic bond by a nucleophilic attack on the anomeric carbon of the glucose molecule.
3. Release of the glucose molecule from the enzyme.

The active site of beta-glucosidases often contains a catalytic glutamate or aspartate residue, which acts as a general acid catalyst, and a catalytic tyrosine or tryptophan residue, which acts as a general base catalyst. These residues are crucial for the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.

Beta-glucosidases have a wide range of applications in various industries, including food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology. For example, they are used in the production of biofuels, sweeteners, and pharmaceuticals. They are also used in the degradation of plant biomass and the production of bio-based products.'
"

Proteins (3)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidaseA non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9HCG7]Homo sapiens (human)
Cytosolic beta-glucosidaseA cytosolic beta-glucosidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H227]Homo sapiens (human)
Lactase-phlorizin hydrolaseA lactase/phlorizin hydrolase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09848]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (14)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
1-deoxynojirimycin1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source

duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.
2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid
anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
miglustatmiglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.

miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound
anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
castanosperminecastanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).

castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe
indolizidine alkaloidanti-HIV-1 agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine: structure given in first sourcedihydroxypyrrolidine
migalastatmigalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesispiperidines
miglitolpiperidines
2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-glucitol: structure in first source
validaminevalidamine : An amino cyclitol consisting of 1D-chiro-inositol lacking the 6-hydroxy group and having those at positions 1 and 5 replaced by amino and hydroxymethyl groups respectively.

validamine: RN given from CA Index Guide; RN not in Chemline 11/84; structure given in first source
amino cyclitol
isofagominepiperidines
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol
n-nonyl-1-deoxynojirimycinN-nonyldeoxynojirimycin : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin (duvoglustat) in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a nonyl group.hydroxypiperidine;
tertiary amino compound
antiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.45 (glucosylceramidase) inhibitor
n-(5-adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)deoxynojirimycin
ogt2378sinbaglustat: an antineopl agent; structure in first source
l-altro-1-deoxynojirimycinL-altro-1-deoxynojirimycin: structure in first source