microtubule motor activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:19686686, PMID:32684327, PMID:32842864]
Microtubule motor activity is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cells, enabling the movement of organelles, vesicles, and chromosomes along microtubule tracks. Microtubule motors are proteins that bind to and move along microtubules, using the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. They are classified into two main families: kinesins and dyneins. Kinesins typically move towards the plus end of microtubules (away from the nucleus), while dyneins move towards the minus end (towards the nucleus).
The molecular mechanism of microtubule motor activity involves a complex interplay of protein domains. The motor domain, often referred to as the "head," binds to the microtubule and uses ATP hydrolysis to generate a conformational change that drives movement. The "neck" linker region connects the motor domain to the cargo-binding domain, which interacts with the transported molecule or structure.
Kinesins and dyneins differ in their motor domains, neck linker regions, and cargo-binding domains, reflecting their diverse roles in cellular processes. For example, kinesins are involved in organelle transport, spindle formation during cell division, and axonal transport in neurons. Dyneins are essential for cilia and flagella movement, retrograde transport in neurons, and chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Microtubule motor activity is crucial for maintaining cellular organization, ensuring proper organelle distribution, enabling cell division, and facilitating intracellular transport. Dysregulation of microtubule motor activity can lead to various cellular defects and diseases.'
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Proteins (6)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Kinesin-like protein KIF15 | A kinesin-like protein KIF15 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNx, Reactome:R-HSA-984825] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Kinesin-like protein KIF20B | A kinesin-like protein KIF20B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96Q89] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Kinesin-like protein KIFC1 | A kinesin-like protein KIFC1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Centromere-associated protein E | A centromere-associated protein E that is encoded in the genome of human. [PMID:12719470, PMID:15592459, PMID:17785528, PRO:KER] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Kinesin-like protein KIF11 | A kinesin-like protein KIF11 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Kinesin-1 heavy chain | A kinesin-1 heavy chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P33176] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (29)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gossypol | Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | ||
| whi p180 | |||
| cysteine | cysteine; cysteine zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite | |
| s-methylcysteine | S-methylcysteine : A cysteine derivative that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a methyl group. S-methylcysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | S-alkyl-L-cysteine; S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion | human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite |
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| physodic acid | physodic acid: lichen constituent | carbonyl compound | |
| 3-tritylthio-l-alanine | benzenoid aromatic compound | ||
| s-2-aminoethyl cysteine | L-thialysine : A cysteine derivative that is the S-(2-aminoethyl) analogue of L-cysteine; reported to have cytotoxic effects. S-2-aminoethyl cysteine: inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitor; metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| docetaxel anhydrous | docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group. Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. | secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
| s-benzylcysteine | S-aryl-L-cysteine zwitterion | ||
| carbocysteine | Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group. | L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | mucolytic |
| 1-acetyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1h)-pyrazole | |||
| (S)-monastrol | ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | ||
| k 858 | K 858: an Eg5 inhibitor and antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | benzenes | |
| monastrol | (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol. monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source | enoate ester; ethyl ester; phenols; racemate; thioureas | antileishmanial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
| zd 6474 | CH 331: structure in first source | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| gw-5074 | |||
| ispinesib | benzamides | ||
| 3-tritylthio-l-alanine, (d)-isomer | |||
| lenvatinib | lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine. | aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| sb 743921 | |||
| adociasulfate-2 | adociasulfate-2: inhibits kinesin ATPase; from marine sponge Haliclona (also known as Adocia) sp.; structure in first source | ||
| terpendole e | terpendole E: structure in first source | organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound | |
| ck0106023 | CK0106023: is an allosteric inhibitor of KSP motor domain ATPase with a Ki of 12 nM. Among five kinesins tested, CK0106023 was specific for KSP. In tumor-bearing mice.; structure in first source | ||
| dimethylenastron | dimethylenastron: a kinesin Eg5 inhibitor and antiproliferative agent; structure in first source | ||
| emd 534085 | EMD 534085: a kinesin-5 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| cabozantinib | cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer. cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor | aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| litronesib | litronesib: an Eg5 inhibitor | ||
| arry 520 | filanesib: a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor |