Page last updated: 2024-10-24
autolysosome lumen
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
The volume that is enclosed within the autolysosome single-membrane. [GOC:krc, GOC:nhn, PMID:17182262, PMID:24657946, PMID:26382870, PMID:32047650]
The autolysosome lumen is a specialized compartment within eukaryotic cells that arises from the fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes. It represents a dynamic environment where degradation of cellular components occurs through the action of various hydrolytic enzymes.
The lumen of the autolysosome is characterized by a complex and constantly evolving composition, reflecting the ongoing processes of cargo delivery, degradation, and recycling. It encompasses:
* **Degraded Cellular Components:** Autophagy delivers a variety of cellular materials, including damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and invading pathogens, to the autolysosome for breakdown. These materials are progressively degraded by the action of hydrolytic enzymes, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture of breakdown products.
* **Hydrolytic Enzymes:** The lumen of the autolysosome is enriched with a diverse array of hydrolytic enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, nucleases, and glycosidases. These enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, respectively. The activity of these enzymes is optimized within the acidic environment of the autolysosome lumen.
* **Membrane Vesicles:** The autolysosome lumen often contains membrane vesicles derived from autophagosomes and lysosomes. These vesicles contribute to the overall membrane composition of the lumen and may serve as carriers for specific substrates or enzymes.
* **Breakdown Products:** The enzymatic degradation of cellular components within the autolysosome generates a variety of breakdown products, including amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, and nucleotides. These products can be recycled back into the cytoplasm for reuse or further processed within the lysosome.
The autolysosome lumen is a dynamic and highly regulated compartment that plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis. Its specialized environment facilitates the efficient degradation of cellular components, contributing to the recycling of cellular materials and the removal of unwanted or harmful substances.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase | A lysosomal alpha-glucosidase that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:Q9MYM4, PRO:DNx] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase | A lysosomal alpha-glucosidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P10253] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (41)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin | 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively | phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins | serotonergic antagonist |
| buspirone | buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM. | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| n-methyldeoxynojirimycin | N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin : A hydroxypiperidine that is duvoglustat in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a methyl group. It is an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase, an agonist of the glucose sensor SGLT3 and exhibits anti-HIV activity. | ||
| 2,4-thiazolidinedione | 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4. thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source | thiazolidenedione | |
| methyl acetoacetate | methyl acetoacetate: structure | oxo carboxylic acid | |
| diethyl malonate | diethyl malonate: isomer of diethylmalonic acid; one of most used compounds in drug synthesis, don't confuse with ethylmalonic acid | dicarboxylic acid | |
| yohimbine | yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| orcinol | orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 5-alkylresorcinol; dihydroxytoluene | Aspergillus metabolite |
| 1-deoxynojirimycin | 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. | 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| acarbose | tetrasaccharide derivative | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent | |
| miglustat | miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| orsellinic acid | o-orsellinic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group. orsellinic acid: from the Sonoran desert endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum; structure in first source | dihydroxybenzoic acid; resorcinols | fungal metabolite; marine metabolite; metabolite |
| (-)-catechin | (-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin. | catechin | metabolite |
| mor-14 | N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor | hydroxypiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| terphenyllin | terphenyllin : A para-terphenyl that is 1,1':4',1''-terphenyl substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6' and hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4 and 4''. It has been isolated from Aspergillus taichungensis. terphenyllin: novel p-terphenyl metabolite from Aspergillus candidus | dimethoxybenzene; para-terphenyl; phenols | Aspergillus metabolite; mycotoxin |
| homonojirimycin | homonojirimycin: inhibits alpha-glucosidase; RN given for (2R-(2alpha,3alpha,4beta,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure in first source | ||
| valiolamine | valiolamine: isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; RN from CA Index; RN not in Chemline 2/85 | ||
| migalastat | migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis | piperidines | |
| 3-hydroxyterphenyllin | 3-hydroxyterphenyllin : A para-terphenyl that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of terphenyllin. It has been isolated from Aspergillus taichungensis. 3-hydroxyterphenyllin: metabolite of Aspergillus candidus; structure | catechols; dimethoxybenzene; para-terphenyl | Aspergillus metabolite |
| miglitol | piperidines | ||
| ao 128 | AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | organic molecular entity | |
| acarbose | amino cyclitol; glycoside | ||
| 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol | 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-glucitol: structure in first source | ||
| 2-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanone | aromatic ketone | anticoronaviral agent | |
| trisindoline | trisindoline: an antibiotic indole trimer, produced by Vibrio separated from the marine sponge Hyrtios altum; structure given in first source | ||
| quercetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger | |
| baicalein | trihydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger | |
| mangostin | alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin | 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin: possess strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities; structure in first source | hydroxycoumarin | |
| gamma-mangostin | gamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity. | phenols; xanthones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor |
| beta-Mangostin | xanthones | ||
| 9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone | xanthones | ||
| n-(5-adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)deoxynojirimycin | |||
| 3-o-methylfunicone | 3-O-methylfunicone: derived from Penicillium pinophilum; structure in first source | ||
| l-altro-1-deoxynojirimycin | L-altro-1-deoxynojirimycin: structure in first source | ||
| sch 725680 | Sch 725680: an aazaphilone from Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source | ||
| 5-[[4-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one | aromatic ketone | ||
| aspernolide a | aspernolide A: structure in first source | ||
| 5-[[4-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl]-3,3-dichloro-1H-indol-2-one | aromatic ketone | ||
| aspulvinone E | 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one : A member of the class of butenolides that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl, hydroxy and 4-hydroxybenzylidene groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. aspulvinone E : A 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. It is a marine metabolite isolated from the fungus Aspergillus terreus and exhibits antiviral activity. | 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one; aspulvinone | antiviral agent; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; marine metabolite |
| pinophilin b | pinophilin B: from cultures of a fungus (Penicillium pinophilum Hedgcok) derived from a seaweed; structure in first source |