Target type: biologicalprocess
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
Endosome organization is a fundamental cellular process involving the dynamic formation, maturation, and trafficking of endosomes. These membrane-bound compartments play a crucial role in sorting and delivering internalized material, such as proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules, to different cellular destinations. The process begins with the invagination of the plasma membrane, forming early endosomes. These small, tubulovesicular structures then undergo a series of maturation steps, transitioning into late endosomes and ultimately multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Early endosomes are characterized by their peripheral localization, acidic pH, and the presence of specific molecular markers, including Rab5 and EEA1. As endosomes mature, they acquire Rab7 and other markers associated with late endosomes, which exhibit a more perinuclear localization and an even more acidic pH. The sorting of cargo within endosomes is crucial for their delivery to different compartments. Some cargos, destined for recycling back to the plasma membrane, are sorted into recycling endosomes. Others, targeted for degradation in lysosomes, are packaged into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within MVBs. These ILVs bud off into the lumen of the endosome, forming a characteristic multivesicular structure. MVBs then fuse with lysosomes, delivering the ILVs and their enclosed cargo to the lysosomal compartment for degradation. Endosome organization is tightly regulated by a complex network of proteins, including small GTPases, tethering factors, and motor proteins. These proteins coordinate the formation, movement, and fusion of endosomes, ensuring efficient cargo sorting and delivery to their appropriate destinations. The intricate interplay of these molecular players ensures the proper functioning of the endosome system, which is essential for a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, nutrient uptake, and pathogen defense.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta | A phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8TCG2] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha | A phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9BTU6] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8 | A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40818] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Dynamin-1 | A dynamin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q05193] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9-ethyladenine | |||
| n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenine | N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine : A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups. | tertiary amine | |
| 1-phenyl-4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinamine | pyrazoles; ring assembly | ||
| sq 22536 | 9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. | nucleoside analogue; oxolanes | EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| cetrimonium bromide | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide. | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | detergent; surfactant |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| n,n-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine | N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine: increases body weight & feed efficiency in animals; RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| decylamine | decylamine: structure | alkylamine | |
| 2-aminopurine | 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position. 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine). aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent. | 2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue | antimetabolite |
| alpha-aminopyridine | alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485 aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | ||
| myristic acid | Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3. tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| dodecylamine | dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | primary aliphatic amine | |
| dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide | dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen. | bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | surfactant |
| stearylamine | octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine. stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | primary aliphatic amine | film-forming compound |
| n-tetradecylamine | N-tetradecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | alkylamine | |
| 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine | 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd dodecane-1,12-diamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine that is dodecane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 12. | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | |
| 9-benzyladenine | |||
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| benzylaminopurine | benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group. | 6-aminopurines | cytokinin; plant metabolite |
| 9-methyladenine | 9-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9. | methyladenine | metabolite |
| stearyltrimethylammonium bromide | octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide: structure in first source | ||
| 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine | 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine: adenine analog which suppresses growth of E coli & Bacillus cereus; inhibits cell growth & purine biosynthesis in rat hepatoma | ||
| 4-aminoquinazoline | 4-aminoquinazoline: structure in first source | ||
| wortmannin | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent | |
| ag-213 | tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells; | ||
| ag 99 | tyrphostin A46: epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor antagonist | ||
| hbx 41108 | HBX 41,108: inhibits USP7 ubiquitin protease; structure in first source | ||
| dynole 34-2 | dynole 34-2: a dynamin inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide | catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols | EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor |