microtubule-based movement

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. [GOC:cjm, ISBN:0815316194]

Microtubule-based movement is a fundamental cellular process that enables a wide range of essential functions, including cell division, intracellular transport, and cell migration. Microtubules are dynamic, hollow, cylindrical polymers composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin dimers. They are assembled from a pool of tubulin monomers in the cytoplasm and form a highly organized network throughout the cell. This network serves as a framework for the transport of various cargoes, including organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules.

Microtubule-based movement is driven by motor proteins, which are specialized enzymes that utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate movement along microtubules. There are two major classes of microtubule motor proteins: kinesins and dyneins. Kinesins generally move toward the plus end of microtubules, which is typically located at the cell periphery. Dyneins, on the other hand, move toward the minus end of microtubules, which is often found near the nucleus.

The interaction between motor proteins and microtubules is highly specific. Each motor protein has a distinct binding site for microtubules, ensuring that cargo is transported to the correct location within the cell. The movement of motor proteins along microtubules is also regulated by a variety of factors, including the availability of ATP, the presence of regulatory proteins, and the physical properties of the microtubule itself.

Microtubule-based movement is essential for many cellular processes. For example, during cell division, microtubules assemble into a spindle apparatus that separates chromosomes and segregates them into daughter cells. In intracellular transport, motor proteins move organelles and vesicles along microtubules, delivering them to their target destinations within the cell. Cell migration also relies on microtubule-based movement, as microtubules provide tracks for the movement of the cell's leading edge.

Disruptions in microtubule-based movement can have severe consequences for cell function. For instance, defects in microtubule assembly or motor protein function can lead to cell cycle arrest, developmental abnormalities, and neurodegenerative diseases.'
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Proteins (6)

Compounds (29)