Page last updated: 2024-10-24

protein N-linked glycosylation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. [GOC:pr, RESID:AA0151, RESID:AA0156, RESID:AA0327]

N-linked glycosylation is a complex and essential process in the biosynthesis of proteins. It involves the attachment of a branched oligosaccharide chain, called an N-glycan, to the nitrogen atom of an asparagine residue within a protein. This process takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular organelle involved in protein folding and modification.

The N-glycan precursor, a preassembled oligosaccharide consisting of 14 sugar residues, is synthesized on a lipid carrier called dolichol phosphate. This precursor is then transferred en bloc to the asparagine residue within a specific sequence motif in the protein, typically Asn-X-Ser/Thr, where X can be any amino acid except proline. This transfer reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme called oligosaccharyltransferase (OST).

After the transfer of the N-glycan, the protein undergoes further processing and modifications in the ER and Golgi apparatus, which involves the removal of some sugars and the addition of others. The specific composition of the N-glycan can vary depending on the protein and the cell type.

The N-glycans play crucial roles in various biological functions, including:

- Protein folding and stability: N-glycosylation can contribute to the proper folding and stability of proteins by influencing their conformation and interactions.
- Protein targeting and trafficking: N-glycans can act as signals that direct proteins to specific locations within the cell.
- Cell-cell interactions: N-glycans can participate in interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix.
- Immune recognition: N-glycans can modulate the immune response by influencing the recognition of proteins by immune cells.

In summary, N-linked glycosylation is a fundamental biological process that plays a vital role in the structure, function, and regulation of proteins. The intricate modifications of N-glycans ensure proper protein folding, trafficking, and interactions, contributing to the diverse functions of proteins in cellular processes and biological systems.'
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Proteins (9)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 [no definition available]Bos taurus (cattle)
Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1A glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q06210]Homo sapiens (human)
Phosphomannomutase 2A phosphomannomutase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15305]Homo sapiens (human)
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 9A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y231]Homo sapiens (human)
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferaseA UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H3H5]Homo sapiens (human)
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1A CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q11201]Homo sapiens (human)
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT5A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q11128]Homo sapiens (human)
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51993]Homo sapiens (human)
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5A nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase ENTPD5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O75356]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (27)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.

2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd

dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.
dihydroxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
protocatechuic acid3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.

protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
gallic acidgallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
beta-resorcylic acidbeta-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin
dihydroxybenzoic acidEC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
MALDI matrix material;
mouse metabolite
veratric acid3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3.

veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
benzoic acidsallergen;
plant metabolite
methyl gallatemethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum
gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid : A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents.

3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
benzoic acids;
methoxybenzenes
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
syringic acidsyringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.

syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source
benzoic acids;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols
plant metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactoseUDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.

Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.
UDP-D-galactosemouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.

epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis)
flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
aaptamineaaptamine: natural product from sea sponge Aaptos aaptos; structure given in first source; RN from CA Index Guide 1984
2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2h)-one2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one: structure given in first source; sulfur analog of ebselen
6-fluoro-2-phenyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-onebenzothiazoles
6-fluoro-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-onebenzothiazoles
2-[4-methyl-3-(1-piperidinylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1,2-benzothiazol-3-onesulfonamide
2-[[3-(3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenyl]sulfonylamino]benzoic acidsulfonamide
N,N-dimethyl-3-(3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamidesulfonamide
capuramycincapuramycin: from Streptomyces griseus 446-S3; structure given in first source
n(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acidN(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the terminal amino group of 3-amino-L-alanine with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid.

N(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid: inhibits glucosamine synthetase in E coli; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S-(E)-isomer)
enoate ester;
methyl ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide
metabolite
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-onebenzothiazoles
chromazonarol
2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-onebenzothiazoles
5-fluoro-2-phenyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-onebenzothiazoles
2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-onebenzothiazoles
guanosine diphosphateGuanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine triphosphateGuanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor