Target type: biologicalprocess
A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. [GOC:pr, RESID:AA0151, RESID:AA0156, RESID:AA0327]
N-linked glycosylation is a complex and essential process in the biosynthesis of proteins. It involves the attachment of a branched oligosaccharide chain, called an N-glycan, to the nitrogen atom of an asparagine residue within a protein. This process takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular organelle involved in protein folding and modification.
The N-glycan precursor, a preassembled oligosaccharide consisting of 14 sugar residues, is synthesized on a lipid carrier called dolichol phosphate. This precursor is then transferred en bloc to the asparagine residue within a specific sequence motif in the protein, typically Asn-X-Ser/Thr, where X can be any amino acid except proline. This transfer reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme called oligosaccharyltransferase (OST).
After the transfer of the N-glycan, the protein undergoes further processing and modifications in the ER and Golgi apparatus, which involves the removal of some sugars and the addition of others. The specific composition of the N-glycan can vary depending on the protein and the cell type.
The N-glycans play crucial roles in various biological functions, including:
- Protein folding and stability: N-glycosylation can contribute to the proper folding and stability of proteins by influencing their conformation and interactions.
- Protein targeting and trafficking: N-glycans can act as signals that direct proteins to specific locations within the cell.
- Cell-cell interactions: N-glycans can participate in interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix.
- Immune recognition: N-glycans can modulate the immune response by influencing the recognition of proteins by immune cells.
In summary, N-linked glycosylation is a fundamental biological process that plays a vital role in the structure, function, and regulation of proteins. The intricate modifications of N-glycans ensure proper protein folding, trafficking, and interactions, contributing to the diverse functions of proteins in cellular processes and biological systems.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
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Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 | [no definition available] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1 | A glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q06210] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Phosphomannomutase 2 | A phosphomannomutase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15305] | Homo sapiens (human) |
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 9 | A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y231] | Homo sapiens (human) |
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase | A UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H3H5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 | A CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q11201] | Homo sapiens (human) |
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT5 | A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q11128] | Homo sapiens (human) |
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6 | A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51993] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 | A nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase ENTPD5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O75356] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
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2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid | 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives. | dihydroxybenzoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
protocatechuic acid | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
gallic acid | gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
beta-resorcylic acid | beta-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | ||
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid | 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin | dihydroxybenzoic acid | EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite |
veratric acid | 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3. veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzoic acids | allergen; plant metabolite |
methyl gallate | methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum | gallate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid | 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid : A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents. 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzoic acids; methoxybenzenes | human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
syringic acid | syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source | benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols | plant metabolite |
uridine diphosphate galactose | UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration. Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose. | UDP-D-galactose | mouse metabolite |
epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
aaptamine | aaptamine: natural product from sea sponge Aaptos aaptos; structure given in first source; RN from CA Index Guide 1984 | ||
2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2h)-one | 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one: structure given in first source; sulfur analog of ebselen | ||
6-fluoro-2-phenyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one | benzothiazoles | ||
6-fluoro-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one | benzothiazoles | ||
2-[4-methyl-3-(1-piperidinylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one | sulfonamide | ||
2-[[3-(3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenyl]sulfonylamino]benzoic acid | sulfonamide | ||
N,N-dimethyl-3-(3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide | sulfonamide | ||
capuramycin | capuramycin: from Streptomyces griseus 446-S3; structure given in first source | ||
n(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid | N(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the terminal amino group of 3-amino-L-alanine with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid. N(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid: inhibits glucosamine synthetase in E coli; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S-(E)-isomer) | enoate ester; methyl ester; monocarboxylic acid amide | metabolite |
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one | benzothiazoles | ||
chromazonarol | |||
2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one | benzothiazoles | ||
5-fluoro-2-phenyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one | benzothiazoles | ||
2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one | benzothiazoles | ||
guanosine diphosphate | Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
guanosine triphosphate | Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |