Target type: cellularcomponent
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis. [PMID:14732047]
A macropinosome is a large, transient, fluid-filled vesicle formed by the invagination and closure of the plasma membrane. This process, termed macropinocytosis, is a non-specific form of endocytosis that allows cells to take up large amounts of extracellular fluid and its contents. The cellular component of a macropinosome can be described as follows:
**Membrane:** The macropinosome membrane is derived from the plasma membrane, composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. These proteins include:
* **Receptors:** Involved in signaling pathways and mediating the uptake of specific molecules.
* **Actin-binding proteins:** Play a crucial role in the formation and movement of macropinosomes.
* **Adhesive proteins:** Facilitate the interaction of the macropinosome with other cellular structures.
**Cytoplasm:** The interior of the macropinosome contains the engulfed extracellular fluid, including:
* **Solutes:** Dissolved substances such as ions, sugars, and proteins.
* **Extracellular vesicles:** Small membrane-bound vesicles that can be taken up by macropinocytosis.
* **Degradative enzymes:** Enzymes involved in the breakdown of ingested material.
**Associated Structures:** Macropinosomes can interact with other cellular structures, including:
* **Actin filaments:** Form a network that supports the macropinosome and facilitates its movement.
* **Microtubules:** Aid in the transport of macropinosomes to specific destinations within the cell.
* **Other organelles:** Macropinosomes can interact with lysosomes for the degradation of their contents.
The exact composition and structure of a macropinosome can vary depending on the cell type and the specific conditions under which it is formed. However, the basic components described above are essential for its function as a temporary compartment for the uptake and processing of extracellular material.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Matrix metalloproteinase-14 | A matrix metalloproteinase-14 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50281] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| tiludronic acid | tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source | organochlorine compound | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| zoledronic acid | zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS. | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
| marimastat | marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| ilomastat | CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor | hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| cgs 27023a | CGS 27023A: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | ||
| prinomastat | prinomastat : A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14. prinomastat: a diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; angiogenesis inhibitor; | aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid; pyridines; sulfonamide; thiomorpholines | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| rs-130830 | RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | ||
| tmi-1 | |||
| batimastat | batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor. batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| ik 682 | IK 682: inhibits TNF-alpha converting enzyme; structure in first source | hydroxamic acid; pyrrolidin-2-ones; quinolines | |
| epigallocatechin-3-o-(3''-o-methyl)-gallate | catechin | ||
| ro 32-3555 | Ro 32-3555: structure given in first source | ||
| sb 3ct compound | SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source | aromatic ether | |
| pd 166793 | |||
| sc 78080 | |||
| ro 31-9790 | Ro 31-9790: hydroxamic acid derivative | ||
| arp-100 | |||
| kb r8301 | |||
| N(2)-([biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-N(2)-isopropoxy-D-valinamide | N(2)-([biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-N(2)-isopropoxy-D-valinamide : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxy-D-valinamide in which the alpha-amino group has been substituted by isopropoxy and [biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl groups. A selective matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor, it is one of the most potent inducers of autophagy. Its physiological roles include angiogenesis, cancer metastasis, embryogenesis, tissue remodeling in development, and wound healing. | D-valine derivative; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; melanin synthesis inhibitor |
| bms-566394 | BMS-566394: structure in first source | ||
| incb3619 | INCB3619: ADAM inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| 6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-ethyl-2-purinecarbonitrile | 6-aminopurines | ||
| 6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-2-purinecarbonitrile | 6-aminopurines | ||
| 9-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-6-(ethylamino)-2-purinecarbonitrile | imidazoles | ||
| grassystatin a | grassystatin A: isolated from a cyanobacterium, identified as Lyngbya cf.; structure in first source |