phagolysosome

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes. [GOC:mah, PMID:12388753, PMID:14733906]

The phagolysosome is a cellular compartment formed when a phagosome, a vesicle containing engulfed material such as bacteria or cellular debris, fuses with a lysosome, an organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes. This fusion creates a unique environment characterized by a complex interplay of membranes and enzymatic activities.

The phagolysosome membrane is composed of a mosaic of lipids and proteins derived from both the phagosome and lysosome. The phagosome membrane contributes proteins involved in engulfment and cargo transport, while the lysosome membrane brings in hydrolytic enzymes and proton pumps. These pumps acidify the phagolysosome lumen, creating a harsh environment conducive to the breakdown of the engulfed material.

The phagolysosome lumen contains a diverse array of hydrolytic enzymes, including proteases, nucleases, lipases, and glycosidases. These enzymes are responsible for the degradation of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, respectively. Additionally, the phagolysosome may contain antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species, further contributing to the breakdown and elimination of pathogens.

The phagolysosome also interacts with other cellular components, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. This interaction allows for the trafficking of necessary enzymes and components, as well as the regulation of phagolysosome formation and function.

In summary, the phagolysosome is a dynamic and complex cellular compartment with a specialized membrane and lumen. It plays a crucial role in the degradation of engulfed materials, including pathogens, and contributes to the cellular defense system.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (23)