nicotinamide riboside catabolic process
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide. [ISBN:0198506732]
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) catabolism is a metabolic pathway that breaks down NR into nicotinamide (NAM), a precursor for the essential coenzyme NAD+. This process is crucial for maintaining NAD+ levels, which are essential for various cellular processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and signaling.
NR catabolism is initiated by the enzyme nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK), which phosphorylates NR to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). NMN is then further metabolized to NAM by the enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT).
The breakdown of NR to NAM is tightly regulated. When NAD+ levels are low, NRK activity is increased, leading to increased NR catabolism and NAD+ synthesis. Conversely, when NAD+ levels are high, NRK activity is inhibited, reducing NR catabolism.
NR catabolism can also be influenced by other factors, such as dietary intake of NR, age, and disease state. For example, dietary supplementation with NR has been shown to increase NAD+ levels and improve metabolic health.
In summary, NR catabolism is an essential process for maintaining NAD+ levels, which are crucial for various cellular functions. The process is tightly regulated and influenced by various factors, including dietary intake, age, and disease state.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase | An S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13126] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Purine nucleoside phosphorylase | A purine nucleoside phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00491] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (27)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-deazaguanine | 3-deazaguanine: structure | ||
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| 5'-deoxy-5'-s-isobutylthioadenosine | 5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine: considered an analog of S-adenosylhomocysteine; structure | ||
| 3-deazaguanosine | 3-deazaguanosine: structure | ||
| 5'-methylthioadenosine | 5'-methylthioadenosine: structure 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group. | thioadenosine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 5'-deoxyadenosine | 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase. 5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd | 5'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methylthio-dadme-immucillin-a | |||
| ag 99 | tyrphostin A46: epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor antagonist | ||
| galidesivir | |||
| acyclovir | acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes. | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| guanosine monophosphate | guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| guanine | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| guanosine | ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. | guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | fundamental metabolite |
| inosine | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| 8-amino-9-(2-thienylmethyl)guanine | |||
| allopurinol riboside | allopurinol riboside : A nucleoside analogue that is allopurinol with a beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety at the 1-position. | nucleoside analogue | metabolite |
| 8-amino-9-benzylguanine | 8-amino-9-benzylguanine: structure given in first source | ||
| forodesine | forodesine: structure in first source | dihydroxypyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine | |
| peldesine | peldesine: potent inhibitor of human CCRF-CEM T-cell proliferation; structure given in first source | ||
| ci 972 | CI 972: structure given in first source | ||
| 8-aminoguanine | |||
| acyclovir monophosphate | |||
| immucillin g | immucillin G: structure in first source | dihydroxypyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine | |
| ulodesine | ulodesine: a purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor | ||
| 8-bromoguanosine | purine nucleoside | ||
| 9-deaza-9-(3-thienylmethyl)guanine | |||
| 8-aminoguanosine |