Clodronate disodium is a bisphosphonate medication that inhibits bone resorption. It is synthesized through a multi-step process involving the reaction of diethyl phosphite with a dichlorinated alkane. Clodronate disodium is administered intravenously or orally and acts by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone breakdown. It has been studied extensively for its potential therapeutic effects in conditions such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, and certain types of cancer. Clodronate disodium's ability to suppress bone resorption makes it a valuable tool for treating bone diseases and for studying the role of bone metabolism in various physiological processes. Its importance lies in its efficacy in managing bone disorders and its potential applications in bone research. The compound's effects on bone metabolism, its impact on different types of cells, and its long-term safety have been the subject of ongoing research.'
clodronic acid disodium salt : The disodium salt of clodronic acid. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (generally as the tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 31195 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1520188 |
| CHEBI ID | 59586 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 28438 |
| MeSH ID | M0475707 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| disodium, clodronate |
| sodium, clodronate |
| kco-692 |
| ostac |
| cl2mdp |
| lytos |
| loron |
| abioklad |
| clasteon |
| EU-0100398 |
| dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid disodium salt |
| clodronic acid disodium salt |
| disodium clodronate |
| disodium-dichloromethylene-diphosphonate |
| sodium clodronate |
| mebonat |
| phosphonic acid, (dichloromethylene)di-, disodium salt |
| bm 06011 |
| phosphonic acid, (dichloromethylene)bis-, disodium salt |
| disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate |
| dichloromethane diphosphonate |
| disodium (dichloromethylene)bisphosphonate |
| chlodronate sodium |
| disodium dihydrogen (dichloromethylene)diphosphonate |
| einecs 245-078-9 |
| dichloromethylene diphosphonate, disodium salt |
| ossiten |
| disodium (dichloromethylene)diphosphonate |
| clodronate sodium |
| lodronate |
| lopac-d-4434 |
| NCGC00016141-01 |
| D07720 |
| nsc713466 |
| NCGC00093825-01 |
| NCGC00016141-02 |
| D 4434 |
| cl2mdp; clodronic acid disodium magnesium salt; dmdp |
| disodium (dichloromethanediyl)bis[hydrogen (phosphonate)] |
| CHEBI:59586 , |
| AKOS005766025 |
| HMS3261O17 |
| clodronic acid disodium salt anhydrous |
| CHEMBL1520188 |
| A816262 |
| dtxsid3045225 , |
| cas-22560-50-5 |
| dtxcid1025225 |
| tox21_110309 |
| S4108 |
| unii-y05r4gcq1h |
| clodron |
| clodronate disodium anhydrous |
| y05r4gcq1h , |
| LP00398 |
| clodronic acid disodium salt anhydrous [mi] |
| clodronate disodium [who-dd] |
| (dichloromethylene)bisphosphonate disodium |
| clodronic acid, disodium salt, hydrate |
| difosfonal |
| CCG-221702 |
| CCG-220684 |
| SCHEMBL28438 |
| tox21_500398 |
| NCGC00261083-01 |
| D4160 |
| F20591 |
| mfcd01632786 |
| sodium dichloromethylenebis(hydrogenphosphonate) |
| dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid disodium salt |
| Q27126793 |
| clodronic acid (disodium salt) |
| clodronate (disodium salt) |
| disodium;[dichloro-[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]methyl]-hydroxyphosphinate |
| clodronate 2na |
| 22560-50-5, 10596-23-3(free base) |
| clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (ep impurity) |
| disodium (dichloromethanediyl)bis(hydrogen (phosphonate)) |
| dtxcid40159526 |
| clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (ep monograph) |
| SY060387 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs." | ( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019) | 0.51 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| bone density conservation agent | An agent that inhibits bone resorption and/or favor bone mineralization and bone regeneration. Used to heal bone fractures and to treat bone diseases such as osteopenia and osteoporosis. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| organic sodium salt | |
| one-carbon compound | An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 0.1778 | 14.3909 | 39.8107 | AID2147 |
| endonuclease IV | Escherichia coli | Potency | 12.5893 | 0.7079 | 12.4324 | 31.6228 | AID1708 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 0.0355 | 20.9770 | 89.1251 | AID504332 |
| cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 0.0025 | 5.8400 | 31.6228 | AID899 |
| histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 0.0103 | 23.8567 | 63.0957 | AID2662 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID504749 | qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation | 2011 | Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043 | Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets. |
| AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
| AID619874 | Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition up to 1 mM by MTS assay | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-13, Volume: 54, Issue:19 | Bisphosphonamidate clodronate prodrug exhibits potent anticancer activity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. |
| AID1250248 | Metal chelating activity in human PE/CA-PJ15 cells assessed as change in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at 60 uM after 50 secs using Ca2+ free medium by FURA-2 AM probe-based spectrophotofluorometric analysis | 2015 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102 | Synthesis of new indole-based bisphosphonates and evaluation of their chelating ability in PE/CA-PJ15 cells. |
| AID1250242 | Lipophilicity, log P of the compound | 2015 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102 | Synthesis of new indole-based bisphosphonates and evaluation of their chelating ability in PE/CA-PJ15 cells. |
| AID1250250 | Metal chelating activity in human PE/CA-PJ15 cells assessed as change in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at 10 to 30 uM after 50 secs using Ca2+ containing medium by FURA-2 AM probe-based spectrophotofluorometric analysis | 2015 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102 | Synthesis of new indole-based bisphosphonates and evaluation of their chelating ability in PE/CA-PJ15 cells. |
| AID1852260 | Inhibition of Bacillus cereus collagenase unit of N-terminal His6-tagged ColQ1 expressed in Escherichia coli NiCo21(DE3) cells at 100 uM incubated for 144 seconds by FRET based assay relative to control | 2022 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19 | Discovery and Characterization of Synthesized and FDA-Approved Inhibitors of Clostridial and Bacillary Collagenases. |
| AID1250246 | Metal chelating activity in human PE/CA-PJ15 cells assessed as decrease in extracellular Ca2+ concentration at 30 uM by FURA-2 AM probe-based spectrophotofluorometric analysis | 2015 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102 | Synthesis of new indole-based bisphosphonates and evaluation of their chelating ability in PE/CA-PJ15 cells. |
| AID1250253 | Metal chelating activity in human PE/CA-PJ15 cells assessed as change in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at 60 uM after 50 secs using Ca2+ containing medium by FURA-2 AM probe-based spectrophotofluorometric analysis | 2015 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102 | Synthesis of new indole-based bisphosphonates and evaluation of their chelating ability in PE/CA-PJ15 cells. |
| AID1250255 | Metal chelating activity in human PE/CA-PJ15 cells assessed as change in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at 10 to 30 uM after 50 secs using Ca2+ free medium by FURA-2 AM probe-based spectrophotofluorometric analysis | 2015 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102 | Synthesis of new indole-based bisphosphonates and evaluation of their chelating ability in PE/CA-PJ15 cells. |
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | 2014 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum. |
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | |||
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5 (62.50) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (37.50) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (33.01) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 8 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||