alkaline phosphatase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum. [EC:3.1.3.1]
Alkaline phosphatase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at an alkaline pH. This activity is crucial for various cellular processes, including:
- **Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation:** Alkaline phosphatases catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from various substrates, including proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. This dephosphorylation can activate or deactivate enzymes, regulate signaling pathways, and control cellular processes.
- **Bone and tooth development:** Alkaline phosphatases play a vital role in bone and tooth development by promoting the mineralization of bone matrix. They catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, an inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystal formation, thereby facilitating the deposition of calcium phosphate.
- **Intestinal absorption:** Alkaline phosphatases are involved in the intestinal absorption of phosphate, a vital mineral for various metabolic functions.
- **Cellular signaling:** Alkaline phosphatase activity can influence cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis through its involvement in various signaling pathways.
- **Drug metabolism:** Alkaline phosphatases can contribute to the metabolism of certain drugs by hydrolyzing phosphate groups attached to them.
- **Diagnosis of diseases:** Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood can indicate liver disease, bone disorders, or other conditions.
Overall, alkaline phosphatase activity is a vital enzymatic process involved in a wide range of biological functions, highlighting its importance for maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis.'
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Proteins (6)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase | [no definition available] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme | An alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:P09487, PRO:DNx] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type | An alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P10696] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase | An intestinal alkaline phosphatase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09923] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, placental type | An alkaline phosphatase, placental type that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05187] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme | An alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05186] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (22)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| theophylline | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent | |
| adenosine monophosphate | Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| leucine | leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| phenylalanine | L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE. | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tryptophan | tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals. | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan; tryptophan zwitterion | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| homoarginine | L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine. | homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| methylphosphonic acid | methylphosphonic acid : A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group. | one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids | |
| levamisole | levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6) | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| cromolyn sodium | Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid. | organic sodium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen |
| levamisole hydrochloride | organic molecular entity | ||
| 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanone | aromatic ketone | ||
| bufrolin | bufrolin: inhibits the release of histamine; proposed for treatment of hay fever, asthma and skin allergies; minor descriptor (79-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENANTHROLINES (79-86); RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| benzylphosphonic acid | benzenes | ||
| ro 21-7634 | 2-methoxy-11-oxo-11H-pyrido(2,1-b)quinazoline-8-carboxylic acid: NM same as N1 (9CI); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | ||
| methylphosphonothiolate | organothiophosphorus compound | ||
| 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)thio]ethanone | aromatic ketone | ||
| 4-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol | 4-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol: a ligand of some antineoplastic metal complexes; structure in first source | ||
| 2,5-dimethoxy-n-(quinolin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide | 2,5-dimethoxy-N-(quinolin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide: a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor; structure in first source | quinolines | |
| 3-nitrobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone | 3-nitrobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone: structure in first source | ||
| zaprinast | zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure | triazolopyrimidines | |
| salinazid | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid | ||
| phthivazide |