Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. [GOC:obol]
Negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process is a complex and essential biological mechanism that involves multiple pathways and cellular components to control the rate of ATP production. ATP, the primary energy currency of cells, is generated through a series of biochemical reactions collectively known as cellular respiration, primarily in the mitochondria. This process involves a series of tightly regulated steps that ensure an appropriate balance between ATP synthesis and cellular energy demands.
The negative regulation of ATP biosynthesis ensures that ATP production is not excessive, which could lead to cellular stress and damage. It also allows for the fine-tuning of energy production based on specific cellular needs and environmental conditions.
Here are the key aspects of negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process:
1. **Feedback Inhibition:** ATP itself acts as an allosteric inhibitor of key enzymes involved in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. This feedback mechanism ensures that ATP production is halted or slowed down when ATP levels are high. For example, high levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis.
2. **Regulation of Substrate Availability:** The availability of substrates, like glucose and pyruvate, can be regulated to control ATP production. For instance, when ATP levels are high, glucose uptake and glycolysis are reduced, limiting the supply of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle.
3. **Regulation of Electron Transport Chain Activity:** The electron transport chain, the final stage of cellular respiration, generates the majority of ATP. The activity of the electron transport chain is influenced by the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. High ATP levels can lead to a decrease in the proton gradient, slowing down electron transport and ATP production.
4. **Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis:** The number of mitochondria in a cell can be adjusted based on energy demands. When ATP levels are high, mitochondrial biogenesis is reduced, decreasing the capacity for ATP production.
5. **Signal Transduction Pathways:** Various signaling pathways, triggered by factors like hormonal cues or nutrient availability, can regulate ATP production. For example, insulin signaling promotes glucose uptake and glycolysis, leading to increased ATP synthesis.
6. **Metabolic Flexibility:** Cells possess metabolic flexibility, allowing them to utilize different energy sources depending on availability and demand. For example, in the absence of glucose, cells can utilize fatty acids or ketone bodies for ATP production. This flexibility can be regulated by the availability of ATP and other metabolic signals.
In summary, negative regulation of ATP biosynthesis is a critical aspect of cellular energy homeostasis. This intricate network of regulatory mechanisms ensures that ATP production is balanced with cellular needs, preventing energy imbalances and maintaining cellular function and survival.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | A poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09874] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
niacinamide | nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline | 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups. | isoquinolinol | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
3-aminobenzamide | benzamides; substituted aniline | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide | 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN; | benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide | |
phenanthridone | phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity. phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source | lactam; phenanthridines | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mutagen |
5-aminoisoquinolinone | 5-aminoisoquinolinone: structure in first source | isoquinolines | |
benzamide | benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | benzamides | |
pj-34 | PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. | phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
1-hydroxyphthalazine | 1-hydroxyphthalazine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locants; do not confuse with cpd phthalazinol RN: 56611-65-5 | phthalazines | |
chlorthenoxazin | chlorthenoxazin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzoxazine | |
isocarbostyril | isoquinolinone : An isoquinoline containing one or more oxo groups. | isoquinolines | |
flavone | flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source | flavones | metabolite; nematicide |
2,4(1h,3h)-quinazolinedione | 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione: structure given in first source | ||
4-hydroxybenzamide | |||
naphthalimides | Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS. | ||
4-fluorobenzamide | 4-fluorobenzamide: structure in first source | ||
5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone | |||
alantolactone | alantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3. alantolactone: allergenic sesquiterpene lactone; crystalline mixture of alantolactones from group of sesquiterpenes; structure | naphthofuran; olefinic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
4-aminobenzamide | benzamides | ||
4-Methoxybenzamide | benzamides | ||
3-methoxybenzamide | |||
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone | 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation | ||
3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-1(2h)-isoquinolinone | 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolinone: structure given in first source | isoquinolines | |
1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: structure given in first source | ||
cyclo(alanylalanyl) | |||
N-[4-[[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxanyl]methylamino]-oxomethyl]phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
ha 1100 | HA 1100: intracellular calcium antagonist | ||
apigenin | Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
luteolin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
amentoflavone | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone | 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone: from the Sudanese medicinal plant Albizia zygia; structure in first source | flavones | |
adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol | dihydroxypyrrolidine; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | ||
ag 14361 | benzimidazoles | ||
gpi 6150 | |||
rucaparib | AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source | azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
3,4-dihydro-5-(4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy)-1(2h)-isoquinolinone | |||
veliparib | benzimidazoles | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
olaparib | cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
niraparib | 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide : A member of the class of indazoles that is 2H-indazole substituted by 4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl and aminocarbonyl groups at positions 2 and 7, respectively. It is a potent PARP1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM. | benzenes; indazoles; piperidines; primary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
niraparib | niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy. niraparib: structure in first source | 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent |
cep 26401 | pyridazines; ring assembly | ||
iwr-1 endo | IWR-1-endo : A dicarboximide having an endo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group. | benzamides; bridged compound; dicarboximide; quinolines | axin stabilizer; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
nms-p118 | NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
g007-lk | G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
nu 1025 | NU 1064: structure in first source | phenols; quinazolines | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
2-methyl-4(3h)-quinazolinone | 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone: from Bacillus cereus; structure given in first source | ||
4-hydroxyquinazoline | 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source | quinazolines | |
1,4-Dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | ||
xav939 | XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; thiopyranopyrimidine | tankyrase inhibitor |
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-quinazolin-4-one | quinazolines | ||
bmn 673 | talazoparib: inhibits both PARP1 and PARP2; structure in first source | ||
me0328 | ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source | ||
nvp-tnks656 |