RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]

RNA-templated DNA biosynthesis is a crucial biological process involved in the replication of retroviruses and some eukaryotic transposons. This process is characterized by the synthesis of DNA using an RNA template, rather than a DNA template as in conventional DNA replication. It is catalyzed by a unique enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, which has both RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and RNase H activities. The process can be summarized in five key steps:

1. **Binding of reverse transcriptase to the RNA template:** The enzyme binds to the RNA template, often at a specific site called the primer binding site.
2. **Synthesis of a DNA strand using the RNA template:** Reverse transcriptase uses the RNA template to synthesize a complementary DNA strand. This process is similar to DNA replication, except that RNA serves as the template instead of DNA.
3. **RNA degradation:** Reverse transcriptase possesses RNase H activity, which degrades the RNA template strand. This degradation is essential for the next step.
4. **Synthesis of a second DNA strand:** The remaining DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a second complementary DNA strand, resulting in a double-stranded DNA molecule.
5. **Integration into the host genome:** In the case of retroviruses, the newly synthesized double-stranded DNA molecule can then integrate into the host cell's genome, allowing for the persistent expression of viral genes.

The RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process is essential for the replication and propagation of retroviruses. It allows the conversion of viral RNA into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host genome. This process is also involved in the transposition of some eukaryotic transposons, which are mobile genetic elements that can move within the genome.

Overall, RNA-templated DNA biosynthesis is a complex and fascinating process that involves a unique set of enzymes and molecular interactions. It plays a crucial role in the replication and propagation of retroviruses, and it also contributes to the diversity and evolution of eukaryotic genomes.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (28)