lithocholic acid binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to lithocholic acid. [GOC:bf, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:20371703]

Lithocholic acid (LCA), a primary bile acid, primarily exerts its effects by binding to various cellular receptors and signaling pathways, influencing a range of biological processes. Its molecular function is multifaceted and encompasses several key aspects:

1. **Activation of Nuclear Receptors:** LCA is a potent activator of the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). Upon binding to FXR, it initiates a cascade of events leading to the regulation of gene expression, particularly those involved in bile acid synthesis, metabolism, and transport. This activation contributes to the regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis, as well as inflammation.

2. **Modulation of Membrane Receptors:** LCA can interact with other membrane receptors, such as the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 (also known as GPBAR1). Binding to TGR5 triggers downstream signaling pathways involved in energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and glucose metabolism.

3. **Direct Interaction with Cell Membranes:** LCA exhibits a certain level of membrane affinity, potentially influencing membrane fluidity and permeability. These effects may contribute to alterations in cellular signaling and membrane-associated processes.

4. **Influence on Mitochondrial Function:** LCA has been shown to impact mitochondrial function, potentially altering oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. This effect could contribute to its role in energy metabolism and cellular stress responses.

5. **Anti-Inflammatory Effects:** LCA exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, potentially through mechanisms involving modulation of cytokine production, suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways, and regulation of immune cell function.

6. **Antioxidant Properties:** LCA demonstrates antioxidant properties, scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing oxidative stress. This function may contribute to its protective effects against cellular damage and disease development.

7. **Potential for Therapeutic Applications:** The diverse molecular functions of LCA have fueled research into its potential therapeutic applications in various diseases, including metabolic disorders, inflammatory conditions, and certain types of cancer.

It is important to note that the precise molecular mechanisms underlying LCA's actions are still under investigation, and the relative contribution of each function may vary depending on the specific context and cellular environment.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (29)