scavenger receptor activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). [GOC:bf, PMID:11790542, PMID:12379907, PMID:12621157, PMID:20981357]

Scavenger receptor activity refers to the process by which cells bind and internalize a wide range of molecules, including modified lipoproteins, polysaccharides, and pathogens. These receptors are characterized by their ability to recognize and bind to a diverse array of ligands that are often associated with cellular damage or infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying scavenger receptor activity vary depending on the specific receptor and ligand involved. However, they typically involve the following steps: 1) Ligand binding: The receptor recognizes and binds to its specific ligand through non-covalent interactions. This binding event is often characterized by low affinity but high capacity, allowing the receptor to bind a broad range of ligands. 2) Receptor clustering: Upon ligand binding, scavenger receptors often cluster together on the cell surface. This clustering may enhance ligand binding and facilitate downstream signaling events. 3) Endocytosis: Once bound to the receptor, the ligand is internalized into the cell through a process called endocytosis. Endocytosis can occur via different mechanisms, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, or macropinocytosis. 4) Intracellular trafficking: After internalization, the ligand-receptor complex is trafficked to intracellular compartments, such as endosomes or lysosomes. 5) Ligand processing: Within these compartments, the ligand may be degraded, recycled, or further processed. The molecular function of scavenger receptor activity is highly diverse, and these receptors play critical roles in a variety of biological processes, including: 1) Cholesterol metabolism: Scavenger receptors are involved in the uptake of modified lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. 2) Immune defense: Scavenger receptors play a role in the recognition and clearance of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. They can also participate in the activation of immune cells. 3) Cell signaling: Scavenger receptor signaling can regulate various cellular processes, including inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. 4) Wound healing: Scavenger receptors are involved in the clearance of cellular debris and the promotion of tissue repair. 5) Development: Scavenger receptors play a role in embryonic development and tissue differentiation. In summary, scavenger receptor activity is a crucial cellular process that allows cells to bind and internalize a wide range of molecules, contributing to various biological functions, including lipid metabolism, immune defense, cell signaling, and tissue repair.'
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Proteins (5)

Compounds (27)