Page last updated: 2024-10-24

scavenger receptor activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). [GOC:bf, PMID:11790542, PMID:12379907, PMID:12621157, PMID:20981357]

Scavenger receptor activity refers to the process by which cells bind and internalize a wide range of molecules, including modified lipoproteins, polysaccharides, and pathogens. These receptors are characterized by their ability to recognize and bind to a diverse array of ligands that are often associated with cellular damage or infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying scavenger receptor activity vary depending on the specific receptor and ligand involved. However, they typically involve the following steps: 1) Ligand binding: The receptor recognizes and binds to its specific ligand through non-covalent interactions. This binding event is often characterized by low affinity but high capacity, allowing the receptor to bind a broad range of ligands. 2) Receptor clustering: Upon ligand binding, scavenger receptors often cluster together on the cell surface. This clustering may enhance ligand binding and facilitate downstream signaling events. 3) Endocytosis: Once bound to the receptor, the ligand is internalized into the cell through a process called endocytosis. Endocytosis can occur via different mechanisms, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, or macropinocytosis. 4) Intracellular trafficking: After internalization, the ligand-receptor complex is trafficked to intracellular compartments, such as endosomes or lysosomes. 5) Ligand processing: Within these compartments, the ligand may be degraded, recycled, or further processed. The molecular function of scavenger receptor activity is highly diverse, and these receptors play critical roles in a variety of biological processes, including: 1) Cholesterol metabolism: Scavenger receptors are involved in the uptake of modified lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. 2) Immune defense: Scavenger receptors play a role in the recognition and clearance of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. They can also participate in the activation of immune cells. 3) Cell signaling: Scavenger receptor signaling can regulate various cellular processes, including inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. 4) Wound healing: Scavenger receptors are involved in the clearance of cellular debris and the promotion of tissue repair. 5) Development: Scavenger receptors play a role in embryonic development and tissue differentiation. In summary, scavenger receptor activity is a crucial cellular process that allows cells to bind and internalize a wide range of molecules, contributing to various biological functions, including lipid metabolism, immune defense, cell signaling, and tissue repair.'
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Proteins (5)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Scavenger receptor class B member 1A scavenger receptor class B member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WTV0]Homo sapiens (human)
Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptorAn advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15109]Homo sapiens (human)
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13822]Homo sapiens (human)
Atypical chemokine receptor 3An atypical chemokine receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P25106]Homo sapiens (human)
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22413]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (27)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
quinolinic acidpyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.

quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.

Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.
pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
evans blueEvans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.

Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.
organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
congo redCongo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.

Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.
bis(azo) compound
rimcazolerimcazole: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first sourcecarbazoles
plerixaforplerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2
azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
benzeneboronic acidboronic acids
matrinealkaloid
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphatealpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpdnucleoside triphosphate analogue
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphatenucleoside diphosphate analogue
3-aminobenzeneboronic acid
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first sourcepurine ribonucleoside triphosphate
methylthio-adp
dioctanoylphosphatidic aciddioctanoylphosphatidic acid: structure given in first source1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate;
octanoate ester
4-methoxyphenylboronic acid4-methoxyphenylboronic acid: structure in first source
Reactive blue 2anthraquinone
cyclo(d-tyrosyl-arginyl-arginyl-3-(2-naphthyl)alanyl-glycyl)oligopeptide
2-methylthio-atp2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source
lysophosphatidic acid1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.

lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.

lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
ubistatin aubistatin A: inhibits cyclin B proteolysis and degradation of ubiquitinated Sic1; structure in first source
adenosine 5'-diphosphate 2',3'-dialdehyde
vilazodonevilazodone : A 1-benzofuran that is 5-(piperazin-1-yl}-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide having a (5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl group attached at position N-4 on the piperazine ring. Used for the treatment of major depressive disorder.1-benzofurans;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
nitrile
antidepressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ursodoxicoltaurinetauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.

tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.
bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
arl-671566-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase
fps-zm1FPS-ZM1: a neuroprotective agent and RAGE receptor antagonist; structure in first source
pf 8380
ono-8430506ONO-8430506: an autotaxin inhibitor; structure in first source
n(delta)-(5-methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)ornithineN(delta)-(5-methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)ornithine: RN given for (L)-isomer; structure in first source