Page last updated: 2024-10-24

triglyceride lipase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate. [EC:3.1.1.3]

Triglyceride lipase activity is a critical enzymatic process involved in the breakdown of triglycerides, which are the primary form of dietary fat. Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol backbone. Triglyceride lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds connecting fatty acids to glycerol, liberating free fatty acids and glycerol. This process is essential for:

1. **Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Fats:** In the digestive system, pancreatic lipase breaks down dietary triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides, which can be absorbed by the intestinal cells.

2. **Energy Mobilization:** During periods of energy deficiency, lipase enzymes within adipose tissue (fat storage) hydrolyze triglycerides, releasing fatty acids into the bloodstream for energy production.

3. **Regulation of Lipid Metabolism:** Triglyceride lipase activity plays a role in regulating lipid levels in the blood and tissues, impacting processes like cholesterol metabolism.

4. **Cellular Signaling:** Some lipase enzymes are involved in intracellular signaling pathways, contributing to cellular processes like inflammation and cell growth.

The specific molecular mechanisms of triglyceride lipase activity involve:

* **Enzyme-Substrate Interaction:** The lipase enzyme binds to the triglyceride molecule through interactions between specific amino acid residues on the enzyme and the fatty acid chains and glycerol backbone of the triglyceride.
* **Hydrolysis Reaction:** The enzyme uses a water molecule to break the ester bond between a fatty acid and glycerol, releasing the fatty acid and leaving a diglyceride (two fatty acids attached to glycerol).
* **Catalytic Mechanism:** The catalytic mechanism of triglyceride lipases often involves a serine residue in the active site of the enzyme, which plays a critical role in the hydrolysis reaction.

The activity of triglyceride lipases is regulated by various factors, including:

* **Hormones:** Hormones like insulin and glucagon regulate lipase activity in adipose tissue.
* **Nutritional Status:** Changes in diet and energy demands can affect the activity of different lipase enzymes.
* **Genetic Factors:** Variations in genes encoding lipase enzymes can influence their activity and contribute to differences in lipid metabolism.

Triglyceride lipase activity is essential for normal lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and overall health. Dysregulation of lipase activity can contribute to various metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.'
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Proteins (8)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96AD5]Homo sapiens (human)
Endothelial lipaseAn endothelial lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y5X9]Homo sapiens (human)
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96AD5]Homo sapiens (human)
Diacylglycerol lipase-betaA diacylglycerol lipase-beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NCG7]Homo sapiens (human)
Arylacetamide deacetylaseAn arylacetamide deacetylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22760]Homo sapiens (human)
Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipaseA pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P16233]Homo sapiens (human)
Hepatic triacylglycerol lipaseA hepatic triacylglycerol lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11150]Homo sapiens (human)
Lipoprotein lipaseA lipoprotein lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P06858]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (14)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
flutamideFlutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide
androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
phenacetinSaridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldioneacetamides;
aromatic ether
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipasecarbamate ester;
organonitrogen compound
salvinsalvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
food preservative;
HIV protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
Koenimbinekoenimbin: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from curry leaf, Murraya koenigii; structure in first sourcecarbazoles
mahanimbinemahanimbine: from Murraya koenigii leaves; structure in first sourcecarbazoles
nutlin 3stilbenoid
carnosolcarnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastataditerpenoid
orlistatorlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.

Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.
beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
t-tucb
osteumorganic molecular entity
atglistatinatglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).

atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source
xen445
rifampinRifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor