Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine. [EC:2.1.1.28]
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to the nitrogen atom of the amine group of phenylethanolamine, producing norepinephrine. This reaction is the final step in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter and hormone. PNMT is a member of the class I aminotransferase family and is highly specific for phenylethanolamine. The enzyme is found primarily in the adrenal medulla, where it is responsible for the production of norepinephrine from dopamine. PNMT also plays a role in the synthesis of norepinephrine in the central nervous system, specifically in the locus coeruleus. The activity of PNMT is regulated by a number of factors, including the availability of its substrate, phenylethanolamine, and the levels of glucocorticoids. PNMT is a key enzyme in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and is implicated in a number of diseases, including hypertension, anxiety, and depression.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase | [no definition available] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase | A phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11086] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase | A phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11086] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| caprylic aldehyde | caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765 octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | plant metabolite |
| phenethylamine | 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position. phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016 | alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine | 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine: inhibitor of phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | ||
| 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine | 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| amphetamine | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. | primary amine | |
| p-chloroamphetamine | p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool. | ||
| sk&f 29661 | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonamide: structure | ||
| tyramine | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter | |
| dextroamphetamine | (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
| n-hexanal | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite | |
| 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified | isoquinolines | |
| 1-phenethylamine | 1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1. | phenylethylamine | human metabolite |
| benzylamine | aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups. | aralkylamine; primary amine | allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| cyclohexanone | cyclohexanones | human xenobiotic metabolite | |
| 2-heptanone | heptan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups. | dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone | mouse metabolite; pheromone |
| pentanal | pentanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde composed from five carbons in a straight chain. | saturated fatty aldehyde | plant metabolite |
| 2-octanone | 2-octanone : A methyl ketone that is octane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | methyl ketone | metabolite |
| heptanal | heptanal : An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer. | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | biomarker |
| cyclopentanone | cyclopentanones | Maillard reaction product | |
| phenylpropanolamine | (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant. | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
| cycloheptanone | cycloheptanone: structure | ||
| cyclooctanone | |||
| 3-tyramine | 3-tyramine: MH Tyramine refers to 4-tyramine; RN given refers to parent cpd m-tyramine : A primary amino compound that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. | primary amino compound; tyramines | human urinary metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| isovalerylaldehyde | 3-methylbutanal : A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It occurs as a volatile constituent in olives. isovalerylaldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5093 | methylbutanal | flavouring agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | |||
| exp561 | EXP561: inhibitor of 5-HT uptake; RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| l-amphetamine | (R)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has R configuration. | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | |
| 2-aminotetralin | 2-aminotetralin: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | tetralins | |
| s-adenosylmethionine | acylcarnitine: structure in first source S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. | sulfonium betaine | human metabolite |
| norsalsolinol | norsalsolinol : An isoquinolinol that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7. It is present in the dopamine-rich areas of the human brain, including the substantia nigra. norsalsolinol: rigid dopamine analog; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | isoquinolinol | animal metabolite; apoptosis inducer; human metabolite; marine metabolite |
| 4-methylbenzylamine | |||
| 4-fluorobenzylamine | |||
| 4-methoxybenzylamine | 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methanamine : An aralkylamino compound that is benzylamine substituted by a methoxy group at the para position. | aralkylamino compound; aromatic ether; primary amino compound | |
| 1-phenethylamine, (s)-isomer | (1S)-1-phenylethanamine : The (S)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanamine. | 1-phenylethylamine | |
| 1,3-diphenyl-2-aminopropane | 1,3-diphenyl-2-aminopropane: structure given in the first source | ||
| 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: endogenous amine from rat brain | isoquinolines | |
| 2-aminobenzonorbornene | 2-aminobenzonorbornene: RN given refers to (endo, 1alpha,2beta,4alpha)-isomer | ||
| 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid: used as a substitute for amino acids in synthetic peptides | ||
| ly 134046 | LY 134046: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | ||
| 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hacing chloro substituents at the 7- and 8-positions. 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: potent reversible inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; structure | isoquinolines; organochlorine compound | |
| 4,9-dihydro-7-methoxy-3h-pyrido(3,4b)indole | 4,9-dihydro-7-methoxy-3H-pyrido(3,4b)indole: structure given in first source | ||
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| norpseudoephedrine | cathine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer). norpseudoephedrine: major metabolite of diethylpropion in man under acidic urine conditions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | central nervous system stimulant; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug |
| phenylalaninol | L-phenylalaninol : An amino alcohol resulting from the formal reduction of the carboxy group of L-phenylalanine to the corresponding alcohol. phenylalaninol: inhibits intestinal absorption of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereochemistry | amino alcohol; amphetamines; primary alcohol; primary amino compound | |
| 3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: structure in first source | ||
| 1-phenethylamine, (r)-isomer | (1R)-1-phenylethanamine : The (R)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanamine. | 1-phenylethylamine | |
| n,n-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)benzylamine | |||
| 3-trifluoromethyl-7-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 3-trifluoromethyl-7-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: structure in first source | ||
| f21 | |||
| 2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine | 2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine: structure in first source | ||
| 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride |