cation channel complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

An ion channel complex through which cations pass. [GOC:mah]

Cation channel complexes are intricate assemblies of protein subunits that facilitate the selective passage of ions across cell membranes. These complexes are essential for a wide range of cellular functions, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. The cellular component of a cation channel complex encompasses a diverse group of proteins, each with a specific role in the channel's structure and function. These components can be broadly categorized into:

* **Pore-forming subunits:** These proteins form the central channel through which ions pass. The pore is lined with amino acid residues that determine the ion selectivity of the channel. The pore can be either a single protein or a multimeric assembly of proteins.
* **Auxiliary subunits:** These proteins associate with the pore-forming subunits and regulate the channel's activity. Auxiliary subunits can modulate channel gating, ion permeability, and trafficking. They can also serve as scaffolding proteins, anchoring the channel complex to other cellular components.
* **Regulatory proteins:** These proteins bind to the channel complex and influence its activity by altering its conformation or by interacting with other signaling pathways. Regulatory proteins can be kinases, phosphatases, or other proteins that directly or indirectly affect the channel's function.
* **Scaffolding proteins:** These proteins bind to the channel complex and anchor it to specific cellular locations. Scaffolding proteins can provide structural support and help to organize the channel complex within the membrane.
* **Associated proteins:** These proteins interact with the channel complex but are not directly involved in its function. Associated proteins can serve as chaperones, assisting in the folding and assembly of the channel complex.

The specific composition and arrangement of these components vary depending on the type of cation channel. Some channels are composed of only a few subunits, while others are highly complex assemblies. The cellular component of a cation channel complex is a dynamic structure that can be regulated by a variety of mechanisms. Understanding the composition and function of these complexes is essential for understanding how cells communicate and maintain homeostasis.'
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Proteins (5)

Compounds (12)