sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a sulfuric ester bond, an ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2. [GOC:ai]
Sulfuric ester hydrolase activity involves the hydrolysis of sulfate esters, a type of chemical bond formed between a sulfate group (SO42-) and an alcohol or phenol group. This enzymatic activity plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including the detoxification of xenobiotics (foreign compounds), the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and glycosaminoglycans, and the regulation of hormone and neurotransmitter signaling.
Sulfuric ester hydrolases, also known as sulfatases, catalyze the removal of sulfate groups from substrates by breaking the S-O bond. The reaction typically involves the addition of a water molecule, leading to the formation of an alcohol or phenol and a free sulfate ion.
The mechanism of sulfuric ester hydrolase activity often involves the formation of a covalent intermediate between the enzyme and the substrate. This intermediate is formed through the attack of a nucleophile, such as a serine residue in the active site, on the sulfur atom of the sulfate group. The resulting intermediate is then hydrolyzed to release the product and regenerate the active enzyme.
Sulfuric ester hydrolases exhibit a high degree of specificity for their substrates. This specificity is determined by the structural features of the active site, which interact with specific functional groups on the substrate molecule. The presence of aromatic residues, such as tyrosine or tryptophan, in the active site is often associated with the recognition and binding of sulfate groups.
Sulfuric ester hydrolase activity is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and normal physiological function. Dysregulation of sulfatases has been linked to various disease states, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and lysosomal storage diseases. Understanding the molecular function of sulfuric ester hydrolases is therefore crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Steryl-sulfatase | A steryl-sulfatase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P08842] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (17)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| acetazolamide | Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| letrozole | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor | |
| pioglitazone | pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity. Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. | aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones | antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic |
| estrone | Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate | dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 17-methylestradiol | 17-methylestradiol: RN given refers to parent cpd(17beta)-isomer | 3-hydroxy steroid | |
| acetoxyestrone | puboestrene: from the bark of Holarrhena pubescens; structure in first source | ||
| estrone-3-o-sulfamate | estrone-3-O-sulfamate: a steroid sulfatase inhibitor | ||
| estrone sulfate | estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| irosustat | irosustat: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; a tricyclic sulfamate ester; structure in first source | ||
| vorozole | vorozole: structure given in first source; vorozole/R 83842 is ((+)/dextro-isomer), RN 129731-10-8; R 83839 ((-)/levo-isomer) | benzotriazoles | |
| estradiol-3-o-sulfamate | |||
| 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-o,o-bis(sulfamate) | 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis(sulfamate): an antiangiogenic microtubule disruptor; antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | ||
| 2-meoemate | |||
| 4-methylcoumarin 7-o-sulfamate | |||
| kw 2581 | KW 2581: structure in first source | ||
| 2-ethylestradiol sulfamate | 2-ethyloestradiol-bis-sulfamate: structure in first source |