Target type: molecularfunction
Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. [ISBN:0721662544]
Vitamin E binding is a molecular function that involves the specific interaction of a protein with vitamin E, a group of fat-soluble compounds with antioxidant properties. Vitamin E binding proteins typically possess a hydrophobic binding pocket that accommodates the tocopherol ring structure of vitamin E. This interaction is crucial for various cellular processes, including:
1. **Antioxidant Defense:** Vitamin E binding proteins act as carriers and delivery systems for vitamin E, facilitating its distribution within cells and tissues. The bound vitamin E acts as a potent antioxidant, protecting cellular membranes from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This protection is vital for maintaining cellular integrity and preventing the development of oxidative stress-related diseases.
2. **Signal Transduction:** Some vitamin E binding proteins are involved in signal transduction pathways, where they mediate the cellular response to specific stimuli. For example, alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) plays a role in regulating the availability of vitamin E for various cellular processes.
3. **Cellular Metabolism:** Vitamin E binding can influence cellular metabolism by affecting the activity of certain enzymes. For example, the interaction of vitamin E with the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to regulate its activity.
4. **Gene Expression:** Vitamin E binding can also influence gene expression by affecting the activity of transcription factors. For instance, vitamin E has been shown to regulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation and immune response.
Overall, vitamin E binding is a complex molecular function with diverse roles in cellular processes. It is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, protecting against oxidative stress, and regulating various cellular pathways.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 | An NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UHC9] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein | An alpha-tocopherol transfer protein that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P49638] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dehydroepiandrosterone | dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion. | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol | (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen. Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS. | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| 25-hydroxycholesterol | 25-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol | human metabolite | |
| 7-ketocholesterol | 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7. 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid | neuroprotective agent |
| cholestane-3,5,6-triol, (3beta, 5alpha, 6beta)-isomer | 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid | ||
| 6-ketocholestanol | |||
| ezetimibe | ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer). Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. | azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite |
| ys 64 | cholestan-6-oxo-3,5-diol: metabolite of 5,6-epoxycholesterol; structure in first source | cholestanoid | |
| 22s-hydroxycholesterol | (22S)-22-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is the 22S-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol. | 22-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol | |
| cholest-5-en-3 beta,7 alpha-diol, (3beta,7beta)-isomer | 7beta-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol | ||
| sch 60663 | SCH 60663: structure in first source | ||
| cholenic acid dimethylamide | cholenic acid dimethylamide: binds LXRalpha receptor; structure in first source |