Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate. [EC:2.5.1.10, RHEA:19361]
Geranyltranstransferase activity is a critical enzymatic function involved in the biosynthesis of various isoprenoids, a diverse class of molecules essential for numerous cellular processes. This activity specifically catalyzes the transfer of a geranyl group, a 10-carbon isoprenoid unit, from a donor molecule (often geranyl diphosphate) to an acceptor molecule. This transfer reaction often results in the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond between the geranyl group and the acceptor. The acceptor molecule can be a variety of substrates, including primary metabolites like amino acids and sugars, as well as secondary metabolites like terpenes and steroids. Geranyltranstransferases play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of various isoprenoids, such as monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which have diverse biological functions. These functions include acting as plant hormones, pigments, fragrances, and defense compounds. Moreover, some isoprenoids serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of sterols, essential for cell membrane integrity and function. Geranyltranstransferases are classified as transferases, specifically glycosyltransferases, and are often found in a wide range of organisms, including plants, bacteria, and animals. The specific activity of geranyltranstransferases is highly dependent on the nature of the donor and acceptor molecules, as well as the enzyme's specific active site. The detailed molecular mechanism of geranyltranstransferase activity involves a series of steps, including the binding of both the donor and acceptor molecules to the enzyme's active site, followed by the formation of a transient intermediate complex. The geranyl group is then transferred from the donor to the acceptor, and the enzyme releases the newly synthesized product.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Farnesyl diphosphate synthase | A farnesyl diphosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22939] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase | A farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P14324] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase | A geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O95749] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| diphosphoric acid | diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| alendronate | alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
| incadronate | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | ||
| pamidronate | phosphonoacetic acid | ||
| risedronic acid | Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION. | pyridines | |
| isopentenyladenosine | Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group. | N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite |
| 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylidine-1,1-bisphosphonate | 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylidine-1,1-bisphosphonate: inhibits hypercalciuria | ||
| ibandronic acid | Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | ||
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| zoledronic acid | zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS. | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
| 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate | 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | |
| ne 58051 | NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source | ||
| ym 529 | YM 529: inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption; structure given in first source | ||
| aminobutane bisphosphonate | aminobutane bisphosphonate: may be useful measure for controlling hypercalcemia in patients with carcinoma | ||
| bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin | bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin: structure given in first source; a platelet activating factor antagonist | ||
| 2-(5-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)acetic acid | 1-benzothiophenes | ||
| 1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate | |||
| cimadronate | cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source | ||
| 1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate | |||
| carnosol | carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata | diterpenoid | |
| farnesyl pyrophosphate | 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate. farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | farnesyl diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| sq 109 | N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity | ||
| ne 21650 | NE 21650: inhibits isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; structure in first source | ||
| ne 10790 | |||
| digeranyl bisphosphonate | digeranyl bisphosphonate: structure in first source | ||
| alendronate sodium |