Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate. [EC:2.5.1.1]
Dimethylallyltranstransferase activity involves the transfer of a dimethylallyl group from a donor molecule, typically isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), to an acceptor molecule. This process is crucial in various biosynthetic pathways, particularly those involving the production of terpenoids, which are a vast class of natural products with diverse biological functions. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond between the dimethylallyl group and the acceptor molecule, expanding the carbon skeleton of the acceptor.
Here's a more detailed breakdown of the molecular function:
1. **Substrate Binding:** The enzyme first binds to both the donor molecule (IPP) and the acceptor molecule.
2. **Activation:** The enzyme activates the dimethylallyl group on IPP, making it more reactive.
3. **Transfer:** The activated dimethylallyl group is transferred to the acceptor molecule, forming a new carbon-carbon bond.
4. **Product Release:** The enzyme releases the newly formed product, which may then undergo further modifications in other biosynthetic pathways.
The specific acceptor molecule and the subsequent reactions determine the final product of the enzymatic reaction. The diversity of acceptor molecules and downstream pathways explains the vast array of terpenoids produced through dimethylallyltranstransferase activity. Terpenoids play a crucial role in various biological processes, including:
- **Plant defense:** Terpenoids act as natural pesticides and protect plants from herbivores and pathogens.
- **Human health:** Terpenoids have numerous medicinal properties and are used in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer and inflammation.
- **Fragrance and Flavor:** Many terpenoids contribute to the aroma and taste of fruits, flowers, and spices.
Dimethylallyltranstransferase activity is thus a fundamental process with profound implications for plant physiology, human health, and the natural world.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Farnesyl diphosphate synthase | A farnesyl diphosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22939] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase | A farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P14324] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase | A geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O95749] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| diphosphoric acid | diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| alendronate | alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
| incadronate | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | ||
| pamidronate | phosphonoacetic acid | ||
| risedronic acid | Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION. | pyridines | |
| isopentenyladenosine | Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group. | N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite |
| 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylidine-1,1-bisphosphonate | 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylidine-1,1-bisphosphonate: inhibits hypercalciuria | ||
| ibandronic acid | Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | ||
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| zoledronic acid | zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS. | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
| 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate | 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | |
| ne 58051 | NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source | ||
| ym 529 | YM 529: inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption; structure given in first source | ||
| aminobutane bisphosphonate | aminobutane bisphosphonate: may be useful measure for controlling hypercalcemia in patients with carcinoma | ||
| bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin | bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin: structure given in first source; a platelet activating factor antagonist | ||
| 2-(5-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)acetic acid | 1-benzothiophenes | ||
| 1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate | |||
| cimadronate | cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source | ||
| 1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate | |||
| carnosol | carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata | diterpenoid | |
| farnesyl pyrophosphate | 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate. farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | farnesyl diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| sq 109 | N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity | ||
| ne 21650 | NE 21650: inhibits isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; structure in first source | ||
| ne 10790 | |||
| digeranyl bisphosphonate | digeranyl bisphosphonate: structure in first source | ||
| alendronate sodium |