Page last updated: 2024-10-24

positive regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell. [GOC:BHF]

Positive regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes is a complex process involving multiple cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways. It plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including cellular degradation, antigen presentation, and extracellular matrix remodeling.

The process begins with the synthesis and sorting of lysosomal enzymes within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes are tagged with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) residues, which act as recognition signals for their packaging into lysosomes.

The M6P-tagged enzymes then travel to the Golgi apparatus where they are sorted into clathrin-coated vesicles. These vesicles bud off from the trans-Golgi network and fuse with late endosomes.

Within late endosomes, the pH is acidic, which triggers the release of M6P receptors. The lysosomal enzymes dissociate from the receptors and are transported to lysosomes.

However, in certain situations, lysosomal enzymes can be secreted out of the cell. This process, known as lysosomal exocytosis, can be regulated by various factors, including:

* **Cytokine signaling:** Cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β can induce the secretion of lysosomal enzymes.
* **Cellular stress:** Stress conditions, such as oxidative stress or hypoxia, can trigger the release of lysosomal enzymes.
* **pH changes:** Alterations in intracellular pH can modulate the activity of lysosomal enzymes and influence their secretion.
* **Calcium signaling:** Calcium ions can activate specific kinases and phosphatases that regulate the trafficking and secretion of lysosomal enzymes.
* **Lipid signaling:** Lipid mediators, such as phosphoinositides and ceramide, can influence the formation of secretory vesicles and the release of lysosomal enzymes.

The specific mechanisms by which these factors regulate lysosomal enzyme secretion are still under investigation. However, it is believed that they converge on pathways that control the formation and fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane.

The positive regulation of lysosomal enzyme secretion is tightly controlled to ensure that these powerful hydrolytic enzymes are released only when needed. Dysregulation of this process can contribute to various diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders and autoimmune disorders.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Oxysterols receptor LXR-betaAn oxysterols receptor LXR-beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P55055]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (25)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
4-chlorophenol4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.

4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant
monochlorophenol
butylparabenorganic molecular entity
3-chlorophenol3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.monochlorophenol
4-phenoxyphenolphenoxyphenol
bis(4-oxyphenyl)sulfide4,4'-thiodiphenol: structure in first sourcephenols
1-deoxynojirimycin1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source

duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.
2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid
anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
betulinic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
bexarotenebenzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid
antineoplastic agent
podocarpic acidpodocarpic acid : An abietane diterpenoid lacking the isopropyl substituent with an aromatic C-ring and a hydroxy group at the 12-position.

podocarpic acid: structure
abietane diterpenoid
cyanidincyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.

cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
5-hydroxyanthocyanidinantioxidant;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
(22r)-22-hydroxycholesterol(22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is the 22R-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.22-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
oxysterol
2-chloro-1,4-dimethoxybenzenedimethoxybenzene
gw 3965GW 3965: a liver X receptor liganddiarylmethane
t0901317T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist
alitretinoinAlitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
24,25-epoxycholesterol24,25-epoxycholesterol: Rn given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer; structure given in first source

24(S),25-epoxycholesterol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is desmosterol in which the double bond at position 24-25 has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 24S diastereoisomer). It is an oxysterol agonist of the liver X receptor.
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
cholestanoid;
epoxy steroid
liver X receptor agonist
genistein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dionepregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione: steroid from guggulu extract; RN & N1 from C1 Form index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source; antagonist of farnesoid X receptor3-hydroxy steroidandrogen
acanthoic acidacanthoic acid: from root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum; structure given in first source
3-chloro-4-(3-(7-propyl-3-trifluoromethyl-6-benzisoxazolyl)propylthio)phenylacetic acid
riccardin criccardin C: isolated from liverworts; functions as a liver X receptor (LXR)alpha agonist and an LXRbeta antagonist; structure in first source
bms 687453
way 2526232-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indazole: a partial LXR agonist
incb-018424nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
sr9238SR9238: liver-selective LXR inverse agonist that suppresses hepatic steatosis; structure in first source