gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. [ISBN:0123668387]

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake is a crucial process in the termination of GABAergic neurotransmission. GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, acts on GABA receptors to dampen neuronal activity. After GABA release from presynaptic neurons, it must be efficiently cleared from the synaptic cleft to prevent prolonged inhibition. This clearance is primarily achieved through the reuptake of GABA back into presynaptic terminals by a specialized membrane transporter known as GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1). GAT-1 is a high-affinity sodium-dependent transporter that utilizes the energy of the sodium gradient to move GABA against its concentration gradient. The process of GABA reuptake involves several key steps: 1) GABA binds to GAT-1 at the extracellular site. 2) Sodium ions bind to the transporter. 3) The binding of GABA and sodium induces conformational changes in GAT-1, leading to the translocation of GABA across the membrane into the presynaptic terminal. 4) Once inside the presynaptic terminal, GABA is either repackaged into synaptic vesicles for subsequent release or broken down by the enzyme GABA transaminase (GABA-T). GABA reuptake is essential for maintaining the proper balance of neuronal activity and is a critical target for pharmacological interventions. Inhibition of GABA reuptake, by blocking the activity of GAT-1, can enhance GABAergic transmission and has therapeutic implications for disorders characterized by neuronal hyperexcitability, such as anxiety, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. '
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Proteins (8)

Compounds (18)