retinal cell programmed cell death

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina. [GOC:bf]

Retinal cell programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis, is a highly regulated process that plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of the retina. This process involves a series of biochemical events that lead to the elimination of unwanted or damaged cells without causing inflammation.

During retinal development, apoptosis is essential for sculpting the intricate structure of the retina. It ensures that the correct number and types of neurons are produced and that excess or misconnected cells are eliminated. This process is particularly crucial for the formation of the retinal ganglion cell layer, where axons must navigate long distances to reach their target in the brain.

Beyond development, retinal cell apoptosis also plays a role in maintaining retinal homeostasis. In response to various stresses, such as oxidative damage, light exposure, and nutrient deprivation, cells can undergo apoptosis to prevent further damage and maintain the overall health of the retina.

The process of retinal cell apoptosis is initiated by a variety of stimuli, including intracellular and extracellular signals. These signals activate specific intracellular pathways, including the caspase cascade, leading to a series of biochemical changes that culminate in the death of the cell.

Key events in retinal cell apoptosis include:

- Activation of caspases, a family of proteases that execute the dismantling of the cell.
- DNA fragmentation, where the cell's genetic material is broken down.
- Nuclear condensation, where the nucleus shrinks and becomes dense.
- Formation of apoptotic bodies, small fragments of the cell that are engulfed by neighboring cells.

Dysregulation of retinal cell apoptosis can contribute to various eye diseases, including retinal degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying this process is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat these conditions.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (31)